Crataegus succulenta |
Crataegus nananixonii |
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aubépine succulente, fleshy hawthorn, succulent hawthorn |
Nixon's dwarf hawthorn, Nixon's hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 40–80 dm. | Shrubs, 10–15 dm. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | older trunks usually bearing compound thorns; twigs: new growth reddish green, glabrous, 1-year old dark, shiny red-brown, 2–3-years old becoming dark gray, older ± paler gray; thorns on twigs numerous, usually recurved, shiny, 1-year old dark blackish brown, stout, 3–6(–8) cm. |
intricately branched; twigs: new growth reddish green, pubescent, 1-year old gray to gray-brown, older gray; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old dark dull gray, fine, 1–3 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 1–2 cm, narrowly winged distally, glabrous, eglandular; blade rhombic-elliptic to broadly rhombic-ovate or elliptic, 4–7 cm widest near middle, subcoriaceous mature (then often blue-green), base cuneate (constricted), lobes 3–5 per side, obscure to well-marked, sinuses shallow, lobe apex usually subacute to obtuse, margins serrate except proximally, veins 6–8 per side, impressed, apex acute to subacute, rarely obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial scabrate-pubescent young. |
petiole length 20–40% blade, pubescence not recorded, gland-dotted; blade rhombic-ovate, 1.5–3.5 cm, base broadly cuneate, lobes 0 or with sinuses very shallow, margins ± irregularly serrate, some teeth gland-tipped, especially proximally, veins 3 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous, veins sparsely pubescent, adaxial sparsely scabrous young, glabrescent. |
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Inflorescences | 15–30-flowered; branches pubescent or glabrous; bracteoles linear, 1.7 cm, margins glandular. |
3–5-flowered; branches pubescent; bracteole margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
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Flowers | 12–17 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 4–6 mm, margins glandular-serrate to glandular-laciniate, abaxially glabrous, adaxial pubescence not recorded; stamens 20, anthers usually red or pink, rarely white, 0.5–0.7 mm; styles 2 or 3. |
12–15 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals lanceolate, 4–5 mm, margins glandular, abaxially glabrous; petals slightly clawed; stamens 10, anthers rose-purple; styles 3–5. |
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Pomes | bright or deep red, lustrous, suborbicular, (4–)7–10(–14) mm diam., glabrous, rarely pubescent; flesh mealy or succulent mature; sepals spreading-reflexed; pyrenes 2 or 3, sides pitted. |
coppery red, suborbicular, 10 mm diam., glabrous; sepal remnants present or not, on collar, patent-reflexed; pyrenes 3–5. |
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2n | = 51. |
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Crataegus succulenta |
Crataegus nananixonii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open sandy sites | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 200 m (700 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CT; IA; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC
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TX |
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Discussion | Varieties 5 (5 in the flora). Crataegus succulenta ranges through the southern Great Lakes area to the middle St. Lawrence and southern New England, to Minnesota, to Iowa, Missouri (very rare), and Ohio, the Appalachians to North Carolina. An outlier has recently been recognized in Manitoba. The dark twig colors of Crataegus succulenta are dramatic in winter and the coral red expanding bud scales are conspicuous in spring, more so than in most other species of hawthorn except C. macracantha. In summer, its commonly bluish green leaves, eglandular petioles, and impressed venation combine with thorn and twig characteristics to make this and C. macracantha usually instantly recognizable. Crataegus succulenta often forms suckering thickets in the north. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus nananixonii is restricted to open sandy sites in Nacogdoches and nearby counties of eastern Texas. The species is a very dwarf and distinctive member of ser. Intricatae, similar to C. biltmoreana but with much smaller parts. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 518. | FNA vol. 9, p. 590. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Macracanthae > ser. Macracanthae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Intricatae | ||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Schrader ex Link: Handbuch 2: 78. (1831) | J. B. Phipps & O’Kennon: Sida 17: 569, fig. 1. (1997) | ||||||||||||||||
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