Crataegus succulenta |
Crataegus enderbyensis |
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aubépine succulente, fleshy hawthorn, succulent hawthorn |
Enderby hawthorn, hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 40–80 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 50–60 dm. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | older trunks usually bearing compound thorns; twigs: new growth reddish green, glabrous, 1-year old dark, shiny red-brown, 2–3-years old becoming dark gray, older ± paler gray; thorns on twigs numerous, usually recurved, shiny, 1-year old dark blackish brown, stout, 3–6(–8) cm. |
twigs: new growth pubescence not recorded, 1-year old purple-brown, older dark gray; thorns on twigs recurved, mahogany brown, shiny young, stout, 2.5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 1–2 cm, narrowly winged distally, glabrous, eglandular; blade rhombic-elliptic to broadly rhombic-ovate or elliptic, 4–7 cm widest near middle, subcoriaceous mature (then often blue-green), base cuneate (constricted), lobes 3–5 per side, obscure to well-marked, sinuses shallow, lobe apex usually subacute to obtuse, margins serrate except proximally, veins 6–8 per side, impressed, apex acute to subacute, rarely obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial scabrate-pubescent young. |
petiole 1–2 cm, glabrous, glandularity not recorded; blade ovate-rhombic, 4–8 cm, softly coriaceous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, lobes 3 per side, short, lobe apex acute, margins serrulate, veins 4 per side, distinctly impressed adaxially, apex acute or subacute, abaxial surface glabrous, veins hairy, adaxial appressed-hairy. |
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Inflorescences | 15–30-flowered; branches pubescent or glabrous; bracteoles linear, 1.7 cm, margins glandular. |
12–25-flowered; branches villous; bracteole margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 12–17 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 4–6 mm, margins glandular-serrate to glandular-laciniate, abaxially glabrous, adaxial pubescence not recorded; stamens 20, anthers usually red or pink, rarely white, 0.5–0.7 mm; styles 2 or 3. |
15 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–7 mm, margins finely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers cream; styles 3. |
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Pomes | bright or deep red, lustrous, suborbicular, (4–)7–10(–14) mm diam., glabrous, rarely pubescent; flesh mealy or succulent mature; sepals spreading-reflexed; pyrenes 2 or 3, sides pitted. |
often in large, ± pendent infructescences, cream young (mid Aug), turning salmon, then red (late Aug), purple mature (Sep), ellipsoid-urceolate, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals erect-patent to reflexed, narrow, 5–7 mm, hairy; pyrenes 3, sides plane or shallowly eroded. |
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2n | = 51. |
= 68. |
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Crataegus succulenta |
Crataegus enderbyensis |
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Phenology | Flowering May; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Brush, natural hedgerows, on mesic sites | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 300–400 m (1000–1300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CT; IA; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC
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BC |
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Discussion | Varieties 5 (5 in the flora). Crataegus succulenta ranges through the southern Great Lakes area to the middle St. Lawrence and southern New England, to Minnesota, to Iowa, Missouri (very rare), and Ohio, the Appalachians to North Carolina. An outlier has recently been recognized in Manitoba. The dark twig colors of Crataegus succulenta are dramatic in winter and the coral red expanding bud scales are conspicuous in spring, more so than in most other species of hawthorn except C. macracantha. In summer, its commonly bluish green leaves, eglandular petioles, and impressed venation combine with thorn and twig characteristics to make this and C. macracantha usually instantly recognizable. Crataegus succulenta often forms suckering thickets in the north. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus enderbyensis is known from the Armstrong-Enderby region of the upper Okanagan. The species is easily recognized in the field by its dark green, softly coriaceous, somewhat drooping, convex leaves, with deeply impressed venation, as well as its usually large drooping corymbs with very pale fruit (at first), becoming red and finally turning purple-black. In flower, it is very similar to C. okanaganensis. The indumentum difference from C. okanaganensis originally noted has been found not to hold up after further collections. The differences as now understood between the two species reside only in unique characteristics of the C. enderbyensis leaf and its early pome color. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 518. | FNA vol. 9, p. 505. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Macracanthae > ser. Macracanthae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Purpureofructus | ||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Schrader ex Link: Handbuch 2: 78. (1831) | J. B. Phipps & O'Kennon: Sida 20: 136, fig. 8. (2002) | ||||||||||||||||
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