Flora of North America species comparison

twigs: new growth greenish, sparsely pubescent, early glabrescent, 1–2-years old often red-purple;

bark on younger 2–5 cm thick branches dark gray-brown, sometimes copper-colored;

thorns on twigs straight or ± recurved, 2-years old black or purple-black, glossy, fine, 1.5–4 cm.

twigs: new growth glabrous, 1-year old pale brown, older gray;

thorns on twigs often ± recurved, 2-years old dark gray to blackish, ± stout, 3–6 cm.

petiole 1–2.5 cm, glabrous;

blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 3–8 cm, length 2+ times width, thin, base cuneate, lobes 0 or small apiculi at ends of some vein tips, margins serrate, teeth numerous, usually acute, fine to coarse, venation semicamptodromous, veins 4 or 5 per side, larger often branched proximal to ends, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial appressed-strigose young.

petiole obsolescent or 5 mm, length 0–7% blade, glabrous, eglandular;

blade usually deep green, very shiny adaxially, broadly spatulate to narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 2–7 cm, coriaceous, base tapered, lobes 0, margins serrulate to finely crenate, teeth 1 mm, venation semicamptodromous, veins 4–7 per side, apex acute to obtuse, adaxial surface glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy young, glabrescent.

6–12-flowered;

branches glandular-punctate;

bracteoles early caducous, usually present, margins sessile-glandular.

8–20-flowered;

branches usually glabrous;

bracteoles linear, small, margins sessile-glandular.

14–17 mm diam.;

sepals broadly deltate, 6–8 mm, margins entire, apex narrow, glabrous;

stamens 10, anthers pink, sometimes ivory;

styles 3–5.

12–17 mm diam.;

hypanthium glabrous;

sepals 5–6 mm, margins ± entire, adaxially glabrous;

stamens 10 or 20, anthers ivory to pink to red;

styles 1 or 2(or 3).

deep red (mid Aug), black or blackish purple mature, suborbicular, 10 mm diam.;

sepals ± erect to strongly outcurved or ± patent, 2–3 mm;

pyrenes 3 or 4, sides eroded.

usually ruddy to crimson, sometimes bright yellow, ± oblong to suborbicular, 8–15 mm diam., often pruinose, glabrous;

sepals patent-reflexed;

pyrenes 1 or 2(or 3).

= 34, 51, 68.