Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus ×fretalis |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 60–70 dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
trunk bark grayish to grayish brown, checked; twigs straight or slightly flexuous, new growth green, tinged red, at end of 1st year bright reddish brown, lustrous, 1–2-years old darker red-brown; thorns on twigs few, ± straight, 1-year old shiny red-brown, stout, 2–4 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
deciduous; petiole slender, length 33–60% blade, glabrous, minutely red-glandular; blade yellow-green, ovate or oval, 5–8 × 4.5–7 cm, thin but firm, base rounded, lobes 3–5 per side, small, lobe apex acute to acuminate (or larger and sometimes with proximal lobes enlarged and deeply cleft), margins sharply serrate, venation craspedodromous, veins 4–6 per side, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial short-appressed-pubescent young, glabrescent. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
5–12-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteoles caducous, linear, membranous, margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
20 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals lanceolate, margins coarsely glandular-serrate; stamens 5, rarely 6–8, anthers red, small; styles 3. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
bright red, oblong or obovate, 10–12 × 9–10 mm, glabrous; flesh slightly succulent; sepals often lost, ± erect, incurved; pyrenes 3, dorsally grooved, sides plane. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus ×fretalis |
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Phenology | Flowering May; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Brush, open woods, rocky pastures | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 20–100 m (100–300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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CT; MA; ME |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus ×fretalis is probably a hybrid between C. macrosperma and a species of ser. Coccineae. Crataegus tortilis Ashe from northern Illinois and Wisconsin is similar but has 20 stamens and usually five pyrenes. Crataegus vittata Ashe, from Pennsylvania, is also similar, but has truncate leaf bases. Crataegus knieskerniana Sargent is similar in foliage, flowers, and fruit, but it has pyrenes depressed or pitted on the inner faces and occurred near East Herkimer, New York. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 638. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | Crataegus ×fretalis Sargent: Rhodora 5: 112. (1903) — as species | ||||||||||||||||||||
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