Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus williamsii |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
Williams' hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs, 40–60(–100) dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
expanding bud-scales conspicuous, coral red; twigs: new growth glabrous, 1-year old deep reddish brown; thorns on twigs ± straight to slightly recurved, black, sometimes dark purple young, older paler, shiny, ± slender, 3–4 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole 2–3 cm, ± hairy, eglandular or glandular; blade rhombic to elliptic, 4–6 cm, thin, base cuneate, lobes 2 or 3 per side, short, lobe apex acute, margins ± evenly sharp-serrate except at base, teeth ± inconspicuously gland-tipped, veins 4 or 5(or 6) per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous, veins hairy, adaxial shortly and densely appressed-hairy. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
8–20-flowered; branches sparsely villous; bracteole margins sessile-glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
16 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or densely villous externally; sepals ± narrowly triangular, 4–7 mm, margins finely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers pink; styles 3 or 4(or 5). |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
usually pale red young, bright red (late Aug), deepening to oxblood red or darker mature (Sep), usually short-ellipsoid, 8 mm diam., longer than wide, sparsely villous; sepals not thickened or enlarged, spreading to reflexed, narrow, 4–7 mm; pyrenes 3 or 4(or 5), sides variably pitted. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus williamsii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Scrub | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 700–1000 m (2300–3300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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MT |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus williamsii occurs in the Clark Fork and Flathead drainage basins of northwestern Montana; possible records for Idaho require more study. The species is notable for its extremely late anthesis, after sympatric C. macracantha; it is the last hawthorn to flower in its area of occurrence. The immature fruit is bright red, in contrast to its later duller color. The fall color of the foliage is predominantly crimson burgundy or a pallid version thereof. Crataegus williamsii is the most distinct member of ser. Purpureofructus because of its relatively small and delicate, spreading to reflexed fruiting sepals (versus accrescent, long, erect-patent) and its lack of purple to black colored, fully mature fruit. See also comments under 26. C. macracantha. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 504. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Purpureofructus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | Eggleston: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 641. (1909) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |