Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus ursopedensis |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
bear's paw hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs, 20–30(–40) dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
expanding bud-scales orange-tan or paler; twigs: new growth pubescent, 1-year old shiny red-brown, 2-years old red-brown with white flakes, older gray; thorns on twigs usually numerous, ± straight to recurved, 2-years old shiny, very dark red-brown, ± stout, (3–)4–7 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole length 30–45% blade, glabrous (adaxial sulcus hairy mature), densely sessile-glandular; blade ovate to ovate-trullate, 5.5–9.5 cm (flabellate, 2–3 cm at early anthesis), subcoriaceous, base cuneate to narrowly cuneate, lobes 4 or 5 per side, sinuses deep (max LII 25–35%), lobe apex acute to acuminate, margins ± serrate, teeth numerous, small, veins 5 per side, apex acuminate, glossy, abaxial surface glabrous, main veins sometimes sparsely to moderately pubescent young, adaxial densely scabrous young, glabrate mature. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
(1–)5–12-flowered, widely spread at full anthesis; branches moderately pubescent; bracteoles cream to pale green, often suffused light red especially distally, narrowly elliptic, membranous, margins densely sessile-glandular, appearing to grade into bud scales. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
15–18 mm diam.; hypanthium exterior pubescent, interior glabrous; sepals pale green to scarious, triangular, 4–5 mm, margins glandular or glandular-denticulate, abaxially glabrous, adaxially sparsely hairy; stamens 10, anthers ivory; styles 3 or 4. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
1–8 mm; branches pubescent, sometimes sparsely; orange-red young, becoming orange-red to bright red, ellipsoid or oblong, 8–11 mm tall, pubescent; sepals spreading to ± appressed, 3–4 mm; pyrenes 3 or 4, sides plane to shallowly concave. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus ursopedensis |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting not recorded. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Thickets, shade of aspen or poplar | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 800–1300 m (2600–4300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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MT; AB; SK |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus ursopedensis is restricted to and locally common in the Bear's Paw Mountains (Montana) and the Cypress Hills (Alberta and Saskatchewan). Crataegus ursopedensis can have strikingly large, deeply incised and sharply lobed, short-shoot leaves; they are often smaller and may then be difficult to differentiate from those of C. rubribracteolata. Compared to the latter, the thorns are often longer, the inflorescences more open, the petioles proportionately longer, the bracteoles paler and, significantly, the pyrene sides more nearly plane. Crataegus ursopedensis is strikingly distinct within ser. Rotundifoliae and perhaps does not belong there. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 596. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Rotundifoliae | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | J. B. Phipps & O’Kennon: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1081, plates 6.1d, 7.4d, fig. 27. (2007) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |