Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus tracyi |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
Tracy hawthorn, Tracy's hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 40–80 dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
twigs: new growth densely pubescent, 1-year old brown, older dull gray; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old dark gray, ± shiny, ± slender, 2.5–5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole 3–10 mm, length 10–25% blade; blade dark green, broadly elliptic or elliptic-rhombic, rarely narrowly oblanceolate, 3–4 cm, subcoriaceous, base cuneate, lobes 0 or sinuses shallow, margins serrate except proximally, veins 5 or 6 per side, apex acute to obtuse, glossy, abaxial surface glabrate except on veins, adaxial appressed-pubescent, usually persisting. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
6–15-flowered; branches densely pubescent; bracteoles caducous, linear, membranous, margins strikingly stipitate-glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
15–17 mm diam.; hypanthium tomentose especially proximally; sepals narrowly triangular, margins glandular-serrate to glandular-pectinate, adaxially hairy in central part; stamens 10–20, anthers pink; styles 3–5. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
bright red, suborbicular, 8–10(–20) mm diam., pubescent; sepals patent-reflexed; pyrenes 3. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus tracyi |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Streamsides, sometimes under shade | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 300–1700 m (1000–5600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León) |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus tracyi is common in parts of Texas (Davis Mountains and Edwards Plateau) and in the mountains of Coahuila and Nuevo León in Mexico. Variation in Texas is considerable, much of which was documented by J. B. Phipps (1997), with the typical form the most abundant in the state. The typical form has its widest extension-shoot leaves longer than broad, thorns straight, fine, 2–5 cm, and 3 styles. Forms resembling the common Mexican variety, var. madrensis J. B. Phipps, which has its widest extension-shoot leaves as broad as long, thorns short and stout, somewhat recurved, 2–3 cm, and 4 or 5 styles, but with 10 stamens, have recently been collected in Texas. Variation in sepal margin dissection and inflorescence indumentum is also significant, much of the variation being geographically partitioned between the Davis Mountains and Edwards Plateau. Crataegus tracyi is a striking plant, having rich glossy green foliage during summer, coloring burgundy in the fall. It is hardy to USDA zone 5, and thus has good potential in ornamental horticulture. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 549. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Madrenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | C. montivaga | ||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | Ashe ex Eggleston: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 639. (1909) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |