Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus senta |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 60 dm, branches ± weeping. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
twigs: new growth green, pubescent, 1-year old purplish brown under exfoliating wax, older deep dull gray; thorns on twigs absent or numerous, straight to slightly recurved, 1-year old often copper to deep red, 1.5–5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole length 30–40% blade, roughly pubescent, black-glandular; blade dull green, abaxially paler, oblong-spatulate to cuneate or narrowly obdeltate, 3 cm, thin, ± floppy, base cuneate, lobes 1 or 2 per side distally, well defined, lobe apex acute, margins strongly crenate-serrate almost to bases, densely glandular, glands black, veins (2 or)3 or 4(or 5) per side, apex usually cuspidate, sometimes acute, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent young, main veins and axils hairy; on extension shoots larger, relatively wider, more deeply incised. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
3–7-flowered; branches densely short-canescent; bracteoles deciduous, linear, margins short-stipitate-glandular, adaxially short-pubescent. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
15–20 mm diam.; hypanthium tomentose; sepals narrowly triangular, margins glandular-serrate, abaxially pubescent; anther color not recorded; styles 3–5. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
1–3 per infructescence, deep red, suborbicular, 10 mm diam., punctate, glabrous; sepals patent to reflexed; pyrenes 3–5. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus senta |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–early May; fruiting Aug–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Dry pine woods, open scrub, sand plains | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 100–800 m (300–2600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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AL; FL; GA; LA; NC; SC |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus senta is widespread from western North Carolina and South Carolina (where it is most common) to northern Florida and Georgia, with a disjunct record from West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana. Habitats are typical for the series. Crataegus senta most resembles C. dispar but is more often confused with C. lancei. Short-shoot leaves of C. senta are narrower and are not as lanate as in C. dispar. Smaller leaves of C. senta have fewer veins (1 or 2 per side); their shape is more like that of C. lancei, but the differences of lobes and leaf teeth are striking (see key and C. lancei discussion). In C. senta, extension-shoot leaves differ little from those of the short shoots, having multiple, relatively short, acute lobes across the subterminal part. By contrast, the extension-shoot leaves of C. lancei are of a long-petiolate, narrowly rhombic form with 1–3 acute to subacute lobes per side. The large, red, cherrylike fruit, similar to that of C. lancei, is very striking. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 631. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Lacrimatae | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | Beadle: Bot. Gaz. 30: 341. (1900) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |