Crataegus pruinosa
Crataegus saligna
frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn
willow hawthorn
compound thorns on trunks present;
twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler;
thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm.
twigs: new growth green, glabrous, 1-year old reddish tan, older deep gray;
bark on younger 2–5 cm thick branches mainly dark (with horizontal lenticels);
thorns on twigs straight (often needlelike) or recurved, 2-years old black, shiny, ± fine, 1–3 cm (sometimes bigger and stouter).
petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular;
blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella).
petiole 0.8–1.8 cm;
blade narrowly elliptic to bluntly elliptic-lanceolate, 3–5 cm, ± coriaceous, base narrowly cuneate, lobes 0, margins crenate, teeth numerous, small, obtuse, venation semicamptodromous, veins 6–9(–12) per side, apex usually obtuse, sometimes acute, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial appressed-pubescent young, glabrescent.
5–10-flowered;
branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous;
bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular.
12-flowered;
branches not glandular-punctate;
bracteoles early caducous, few, margins eglandular or sessile-glandular.
15–25 mm diam.;
sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous;
stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm;
styles 3–5.
10–13 mm diam.;
sepals proximally broadly triangular with short, narrower limbs, 1.5–2 mm, margins not recorded, apex acute, pubescence not recorded;
stamens 20, anthers cream;
styles 5.
greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate;
flesh hard;
sepals on collar, spreading;
pyrenes 3–5.
black mature, orbicular, 8 mm diam.;
sepals suberect, 1.5–2 mm, tips reflexed;
pyrenes 3–5, sides irregular.
= 34, 51.
Crataegus pruinosa
Crataegus saligna
Varieties 6 (6 in the flora).
Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia.
In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands.
Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Crataegus saligna is restricted to intermontane areas of northeastern Utah and adjacent Colorado; it may be locally plentiful and the plants flower early. The species may be confused with C. rivularis; it differs by its smaller flowers, fruit, and foliage, 20 stamens, cream anthers, and leaves relatively narrower, more venous, and with smaller, more obtuse teeth. It is more similar in flower and foliage to C. brachyacantha but has very different thorns and bark color, as well as irregular lateral faces of pyrenes.
Crataegus saligna is a striking plant with its suckering habit, its glowing copper-tan bark, long arching twigs and branches, dark green foliage, narrow and more or less lanceolate leaves, often beautifully reddish bronze foliage in fall, and black fruit.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Stamens 10. | var. dissona |
1. Stamens 20 | → 2 |
2. Leaf surfaces sparsely short-hairy adaxially young, usually glabrescent; inflorescence branches sometimes sparsely villous. | var. virella |
2. Leaf surfaces glabrous adaxially young, sometimes sparsely appressed-hairy along veins; inflorescence branches glabrous | → 3 |
3. Leaf blades 5–7 cm, ovate to ovate-deltate, lobes 0 or 1–4 per side, obscure, lobe apices ± obtuse, bases broadly cuneate to subtruncate; anthers cream. | var. magnifolia |
3. Leaf blades 2–7 cm, ovate or ovate-oblong to ± deltate or broadly rhombic, lobes 2–4 per side, distinct, lobe apices acute, bases broadly cuneate to subtruncate or truncate to weakly subcordate; anthers pale pink | → 4 |
4. Leaf blades 3–7 cm, broadly ovate to deltate, length/width = 1–1.2, bases very broadly cuneate or truncate to weakly subcordate. | var. rugosa |
4. Leaf blades 2–6 cm, broadly rhombic, ovate, or ovate-oblong to narrowly deltate, length/width = 1.5, bases broadly cuneate to subtruncate | → 5 |
5. Leaf blades ovate or ovate-oblong to narrowly deltate, 4–6 cm, bases broadly cuneate to subtruncate. | var. pruinosa |
5. Leaf blades broadly rhombic, 2–4 cm, bases broadly cuneate. | var. parvula |
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