Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus quaesita |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 20–50 dm, branches strongly weeping (moving in slight wind). | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
twigs: new growth ± densely appressed-white-pubescent, 1-year old gray-brown to purple-brown, older gray, ± slender; thorns on twigs usually present, straight, 1–2-years old purple-brown to gray, ± fine, 1–2 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole length 15–20% blade, densely pubescent, glandular at least young; blade narrowly to broadly cuneate to obtrullate, 1.5–3 cm, ± stiff or ± floppy, base ± cuneate, lobes 1 or 2 per side, subterminal, small, lobe apex acute, on extension shoots often deeply incised, margins entire, sometimes obscurely crenate-serrate apically, gland-dotted young, veins 1–4 per side (narrowly diverging, exiting beyond widest part of leaf), apex acute to subacute, abaxial surface slightly pubescent, glabrescent, veins conspicuously pubescent, adaxial often densely pubescent at first, glabrescent, veins sparsely pubescent. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
1–3(or 4)-flowered; branches densely appressed-white-pubescent; bracteoles linear, margins sessile-glandular, adaxially short-pubescent. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
10–13 mm diam.; hypanthium white-pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 4 mm, margins glandular, abaxially sparsely pubescent; petals elliptic or ± circular; anthers cream; styles 3 or 4. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
usually reddish orange to red, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam., glabrescent to pubescent; sepal remnants none or reflexed; pyrenes 3 or 4(or 5). |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus quaesita |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Jul–Aug. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Scrub on sandy soil | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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FL; GA |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus quaesita is common in north-central Florida. The protologue by Beadle describes the anthers as purple, not seen since. The species is distinguished by narrow, more or less obtrullate leaves with a couple of more or less sharp lobes distally. The C. viaria form, somewhat like a very elongated C. egens, has less sharp lobes. Crataegus laxa, a form with very little terminal lobing, forms a link with the C. vicana form of C. condigna. Crataegus meridiana (subser. Robustae) is another similar form but more robust and with larger flowers. A striking local form, mainly from near Jacksonville, Florida, and from adjacent Georgia, is probably distinct. Its mature leaves, 2–3 cm, are much more sharply lobed and sharp-tipped than in Crataegus quaesita; the leaves at anthesis are unusually small, only 1 cm, because they are very little expanded (in C. quaesita the leaves then are nearly full size). The plant is very thorny, the extension-shoot leaves are 3 cm wide, more or less isodiametric, with deep, narrow sinuses, presenting a C. marshallii-like appearance. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 625. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Lacrimatae | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | C. resima, C. viaria | ||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | Beadle: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 33. (1901) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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