Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus populnea |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
poplar hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 60 dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
twigs: new growth reddish green, glabrous, 1-year old reddish brown, sometimes dark, older mid gray; thorns on twigs recurved, 2-years old dark blackish red, ± shiny, ± slender, 3–5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole 2–4 cm, glabrous, eglandular or sparsely glandular; blade ± ovate, 4–7 cm length/width = to 1.5, subcoriaceous, base broadly rounded to broadly cuneate, rarely truncate, lobes 3–5 per side, sinuses usually shallow, lobe apex acute to acuminate, margins strongly serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side, apex acuminate, adaxial surface glabrate to appressed-hairy young, glabrescent; extension-shoot leaf blades widest 2/5 from base, length/width = 1.3–1.4, sinuses not deep, LII less than 25%, base broadly cuneate, rarely truncate. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
5–12-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteoles few, very narrow, margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
16–18 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins subentire, abaxially glabrous; stamens 6–10, anthers red to purple; styles 3 or 4. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
reddish orange to bright red, suborbicular to oblong, 8–11 mm diam.; flesh hard; sepals commonly erose, patent-reflexed; pyrenes 3 or 4, dorsally grooved. |
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2n | = 68. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus populnea |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Brush, fencerows | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–400 m (0–1300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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MI; NY; OH; PA; VA; WI; WV; ON |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus populnea occurs from Wisconsin to New York, to Ohio, and Virginia; it is common at least from southern Ontario to Pennsylvania. Dubious specimens from Georgia and South Carolina have small leaves and are only differentiated from C. iracunda (ser. Tenuifoliae) by their more coriaceous nature. Being out of range for C. populnea, they may represent an odd form of C. iracunda. Crataegus compta is a variant with more or less pyriform-oblong pomes. Crataegus populnea might be mistaken for C. macrosperma but it has more coriaceous leaves, usually significantly larger in the area of sympatry, and a harder fruit. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 569. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Populneae | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | C. compta, C. iracunda var. populnea, C. luxuriosa | ||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | Ashe: Ann. Carnegie Mus. 1: 395. (1902) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |