Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus pennsylvanica |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
Pennsylvania hawthorn, Pennsylvania thorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 70–80 dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
trunk bark newly exposed orange-brown, older buff, fibrous, checked into longitudinal plates; twigs: new growth densely pubescent, 1-year old fawn, older gray; thorns on twigs absent or few, usually recurved, 2-years old shiny dark brown to blackish, stout to more slender, 3–5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
stipules axillary, circinate, herbaceous, gland-bordered; petiole relatively slender, stouter than C. coccinea, length 30–35% blade, densely pubescent young, sparsely mature, often sparsely stipitate-glandular; blade broadly ovate to ovate-deltate, 6–10 cm, slightly coriaceous, base broadly cuneate to truncate, lobes 4–6 per side, sinuses shallow, lobe apex acute to obscure, margins sharply serrate, teeth at base often stipitate-glandular, veins 5–7 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface sparsely scabrous-pubescent young, glabrescent, veins hairy mature, adaxial densely appressed-scabrous young. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
8–20-flowered; branches tomentose; bracteoles variably persistent, linear-lanceolate, membranous to (larger) ± herbaceous, margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
17–21 mm diam.; hypanthium densely tomentose; sepals narrowly triangular, 7–8 mm, margins glandular-laciniate, abaxially glabrate; stamens 5 or 6, or 10, anthers cream to pale pink or salmon; styles 4 or 5. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
bright red, suborbicular, 10–12 mm diam., densely villous; sepals prominent, erect-patent; pyrenes 4 or 5. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus pennsylvanica |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Brush, successional fields, open woodlands, fencerows | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–200 m (0–700 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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DE; NC; NY; OH; PA; ON |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus pennsylvanica ranges mainly to the south of C. submollis and may be locally common. A highly disjunct record from North Carolina (Buncombe County) appears unequivocal. Crataegus pennsylvanica has been confused with C. mollis and various members of ser. Coccineae. Except for a small overlap in northeastern Ohio, its range lies outside that of C. mollis. Crataegus pennsylvanica is more similar to C. submollis, from which it differs by its less variable leaves (usually broadly ovate, more or less truncate, relatively large), by its much less thorny nature, by its indumentum on young parts being tomentose rather than densely pubescent, and by its being more treelike (C. submollis is usually a shrub). Thorns are absent or sparse on older trees. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 557. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Molles | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | C. tatnalliana | ||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | Ashe: Ann. Carnegie Mus. 1: 394. (1902) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |