Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus neobushii |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
Bush's hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs, 20–40 dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
twigs: new growth reddish young, glabrous, 1-year old brownish purple, older dark gray; thorns on twigs straight to reflexed, 2-years old dark, sometimes blackish, ± slender, 3–5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole 1 mm wide, length 33–50% blade, glabrous, sometimes stipitate-glandular; blade trullate-ovate, 4–6 cm, length/width = 1.2–1.6, thin, base ± cuneate, lobes 4 per side, sinuses shallow, lobe apex acute, margins serrate except proximally, teeth 1 mm, gland-tipped, veins 4–6 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial sparsely pubescent or glabrous young, glabrescent, veins persistently pilose. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
3–7-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteoles initially abundant, often reddish, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
18–22 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepal length not recorded, margins glandular-pectinate, at least distally; stamens 10, anthers rose; styles 3–5. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
yellowish to orangish, suborbicular, 10 mm diam., glabrous, sometimes gland-dotted; sepals on collar, patent; pyrenes 3–5. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus neobushii |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open woodland understory | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 20–300 m (100–1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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AL; AR; GA; MO; TN; VA |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus neobushii is sparsely distributed from Missouri and Arkansas to Virginia and Georgia. In Crataegus neobushii, the length-width ratio of the leaves is variable; the more or less straight edge from near the widest part of the leaf along the lobe apices to the tip of the leaf, forming a trullate to deltate overall shape, is distinctive. The difference between C. neobushii and C. buckleyi may seem slight but the latter has a different leaf shape as indicated in the key. Specimens of C. neobushii with leaves shallowly incised may be hard to distinguish from C. rubella. Crataegus neobushii is similar to the inadequately studied C. cuprea Sargent (a prior name), and this requires resolution. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 589. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Intricatae | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | C. intricata var. neobushii, C. leioclada | ||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | Sargent: Trees & Shrubs 2: 9, plate 105. (1907) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |