Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus lancei |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 50–80 dm, branches ± weeping. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
twigs: new growth densely pubescent to tomentose, 1-year old purple-brown to blackish, older dark gray; thorns on twigs absent or numerous, ± straight, 1-year old purple-brown to blackish, slender, 3–4 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole length 15–25% blade, pubescent, glandular; blade usually narrowly obovate to obtrullate, sometimes oblanceolate, 2–3 cm, thin to subcoriaceous, slightly floppy, base ± contracted, lobes 0 or 1–2(–3) per side distally, short, lobe apex subacute, margins glandular, weakly crenate-serrate, veins 1–3 per side (terminating beyond widest part of leaf), apex acute to obtuse, surfaces canescent to woolly only near midvein young, becoming glabrate, abaxial main vein axils with tufts of hair. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
3–7-flowered; branches pubescent to densely pubescent; bracteoles deciduous, linear, margins short-stipitate-glandular, adaxially short-pubescent. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
10–12 mm diam.; hypanthium densely pubescent; sepals triangular, 3–4 mm, margins glandular-serrate, abaxially pubescent; anthers cream; styles 3 or 4. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
often copper to deep red, suborbicular, 10 mm diam., pubescent; sepals patent-reflexed; pyrenes 3 or 4. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus lancei |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep; fruiting Aug–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open scrub, woodlands | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–800 m (0–2600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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AL; FL; GA; NC; SC |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus lancei is fairly common from Alabama to the Carolinas and northern Florida. In Buncombe County, North Carolina, C. lancei is found near the highest elevations for members of ser. Lacrimatae. The species is one of the narrow-leaved members of the thick-twigged group. Its crenate-margined short-shoot leaves vary from more or less elliptic-oblong, lobes absent, to narrowly obovate (rarely narrowly elliptic-rhombic) with a single well-defined, short, subterminal, toothlike lobe on each side. In this it differs from C. senta, in which short-shoot leaves are oblong-spatulate to cuneate with several short but acute, subterminal lobes. Extension-shoot leaves also differ markedly (see C. senta). When the narrower type of short-shoot leaves, which are broadest near the middle, are plentiful, C. lancei is one of the most distinctive species in the series. Other striking features include inflorescences more floriferous than usual for the series and often dark orange to deep red, cherrylike fruits. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 631. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Lacrimatae | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | J. B. Phipps: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2: 1143, fig. 30 [top]. (2008) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |