Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus intricata |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
Biltmore hawthorn, Copenhagen hawthorn, entangle hawthorn, intricate hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs, 10–60 dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
twigs: new growth reddish, glabrous, 1–2-years old dark reddish black, older grayer; thorns on twigs absent or frequent, straight to recurved, 2-years old blackish, slender, 2.5–5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole 1 mm wide, length 40–50% blade, usually glabrous, sometimes hairy, glandular; blade broadly elliptic to broadly ovate or oblong, 4–8(–9) cm, base broadly cuneate to ± rounded, lobes 3–5 per side, sinuses ± shallow to moderately deep, angled to rounded, lobe apex acute to acuminate, often reflexed, margins ± serrate, teeth gland-tipped at least young, veins 4–6 per side, apex acute, surfaces glabrous. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
3–8-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteoles membranous to nearly herbaceous, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
16–20 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals 6 mm, margins glandular-serrate; stamens 10, anthers ivory or cream; styles 3–5. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
dull yellow to orange or russet, sometimes green mature, orbicular to ± pyriform, 8–13 mm diam., glabrous; sepals on collar, patent-reflexed; pyrenes 3–5. |
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2n | = 51. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus intricata |
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Phenology | Flowering late Apr, early Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open forests, forest gaps, open places | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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AL; CT; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WV; ON
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus intricata ranges in Appalachia from southern New England to Georgia and Alabama. The distribution given above, relative to similar taxa, may be somewhat over-represented because the species has been the default identification for doubtful (particularly fruiting) material of much ser. Intricatae with glabrous leaves and inflorescences. Crataegus intricata is the common, widespread member of this series with lobed leaves, ten stamens, white or cream anthers, and glabrous inflorescences. Depth and sharpness of lobes and location of widest part of leaf are somewhat variable, as is plant stature, some forms appearing mature at 1–2 m. W. W. Eggleston collected a distinctive form in the Crataegus intricata complex in September 1908 from North Carolina, in which the short-shoot leaves are broadly ovate to deltate with shallow obtuse lobes. This has a printed label naming it C. virgata Ashe. Though type material of C. virgata could not be located, the protologue by Ashe could fit. It is possible that all the southeastern forms from the intricata complex with shallow and obtuse lobes, proportionately wide leaves, and cream anthers represent C. virgata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 588. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Intricatae | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | C. boyntonii, C. foetida, C. intricata var. boyntonii | ||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | Lange: Bot. Tidsskr. 19: 264. (1895) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |