Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus enderbyensis |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
Enderby hawthorn, hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 50–60 dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
twigs: new growth pubescence not recorded, 1-year old purple-brown, older dark gray; thorns on twigs recurved, mahogany brown, shiny young, stout, 2.5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole 1–2 cm, glabrous, glandularity not recorded; blade ovate-rhombic, 4–8 cm, softly coriaceous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, lobes 3 per side, short, lobe apex acute, margins serrulate, veins 4 per side, distinctly impressed adaxially, apex acute or subacute, abaxial surface glabrous, veins hairy, adaxial appressed-hairy. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
12–25-flowered; branches villous; bracteole margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
15 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–7 mm, margins finely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers cream; styles 3. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
often in large, ± pendent infructescences, cream young (mid Aug), turning salmon, then red (late Aug), purple mature (Sep), ellipsoid-urceolate, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals erect-patent to reflexed, narrow, 5–7 mm, hairy; pyrenes 3, sides plane or shallowly eroded. |
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2n | = 68. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus enderbyensis |
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Phenology | Flowering May; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Brush, natural hedgerows, on mesic sites | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 300–400 m (1000–1300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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BC |
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus enderbyensis is known from the Armstrong-Enderby region of the upper Okanagan. The species is easily recognized in the field by its dark green, softly coriaceous, somewhat drooping, convex leaves, with deeply impressed venation, as well as its usually large drooping corymbs with very pale fruit (at first), becoming red and finally turning purple-black. In flower, it is very similar to C. okanaganensis. The indumentum difference from C. okanaganensis originally noted has been found not to hold up after further collections. The differences as now understood between the two species reside only in unique characteristics of the C. enderbyensis leaf and its early pome color. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 505. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Purpureofructus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | J. B. Phipps & O'Kennon: Sida 20: 136, fig. 8. (2002) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |