Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus coccinioides |
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frosted hawthorn, waxyfruit hawthorn |
Kansas hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, dense, often suberect, 20–70 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 40–70 dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compound thorns on trunks present; twigs: new growth reddish brown, 1-year old dull purple-brown, 2-years old dull gray, older paler; thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old deep purple to shiny black, usually ± fine, 3–5 cm. |
twigs: new growth ± reddish at first, glabrous or pilose, 1-year old shiny, dark brown to sometimes tan, 2-years old deep gray, older paler; thorns numerous, usually ± recurved, 2-years old blackish, shiny, 3–6 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate to weakly subcordate, lobes (1–)3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deeper, lobe apex acute, sometimes ± obtuse, margins serrate, veins 5 or 6 per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute, surfaces glabrous (except var. virella). |
petiole length 30–50% blade, glabrous or sparsely hairy, usually sparsely glandular, sometimes eglandular; blade usually ovate, sometimes very broadly ovate, to ovate-deltate, (4–)5–9(–11) cm, base broadly cuneate, ± truncate, or subcordate (broader leaves), lobes 3–5 per side, sinuses shallow, lobe apex acute, margins serrate or sharply serrate, veins 5–7 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous, veins glabrous or tomentose, adaxial glabrous or pubescent. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches glabrous, sometimes sparsely villous; bracteoles caducous, usually few, margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
5–12-flowered; branches glabrous or densely pubescent; bracteoles hyaline to red-tinged, oblong to curved, membranous to semiherbaceous, margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or)20, anthers pale pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. |
20–25 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or pubescent; sepals 6–8 mm; stamens 20, anthers white, rose, or red; styles (4 or)5. |
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Pomes | greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes bright crimson or scarlet, often rather angular, 10–20 mm diam., highly pruinose, not punctate; flesh hard; sepals on collar, spreading; pyrenes 3–5. |
bright pink to crimson, suborbicular, 10–20(–25) mm diam., often ± pruinose; sepals spreading or ± reflexed, not on collar; pyrenes 5. |
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2n | = 51. |
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Crataegus pruinosa |
Crataegus coccinioides |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Brush, successional fields, pastures, woodland margins | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 50–300 m (200–1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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AR; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MO; NY; OH; PA; ON; QC
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Discussion | Varieties 6 (6 in the flora). Crataegus pruinosa extends from Arkansas to Wisconsin, through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, and, in the south, mainly in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. In the north of its range, Crataegus pruinosa is mainly a shrub of open successional habitats but in the south may commonly be a taller tree of open or thin woodlands. Many hawthorns have a little waxy bloom on their pomes; it is particularly prominent on Crataegus pruinosa and C. cognata compared to others. Some authors include in C. pruinosa their white-anthered counterparts, here assigned to C. cognata. Whereas C. pruinosa characteristically has entire or subentire sepal margins, some forms in the southwest of the range of the species (for example, C. calliantha Sargent, C. seducta Sargent) may have glandular-serrate sepal margins. They may represent introgression with C. coccinioides. The varieties of C. pruinosa are weakly differentiated from each other, most of them on leaf shape and size characters. The more widespread varieties constitute a range of morphotypes held together by common traits. Crataegus gaudens Sargent is a strikingly distinct form from Pennsylvania that has more or less elliptic leaves with lobes absent; it is clearly related to C. pruinosa. Note that 159. Crataegus ×coleae, a Michigan endemic, will key out here if its laterally scarred pyrenes are missed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus coccinioides occurs from the southwestern Midwest to New England and southern Quebec. Records from Vermont and Oklahoma are unconfirmed. Crataegus coccinioides, in typical plants, has 20 rose-colored anthers and more or less glabrous parts. The opposite characteristics (white anthers, very hairy parts) are found in C. declivitatis. Another white-anthered form is C. conspecta. Somewhat similar to the latter is C. locuples, while C. dilatata is more of an intermediate type. Combinations of these varying characteristics can be found both in Missouri and the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario in various mixes. When in fruit, pruinosity and the pink-crimson color differentiate C. coccinioides from members of ser. Coccineae, which are scarlet or deeper red. Crataegus coccinioides also has somewhat more coriaceous leaf blades than ser. Coccineae, with the toothing more continuous, almost to the petiole, and much more conspicuous bracteoles. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 574. | FNA vol. 9, p. 579. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pruinosae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Dilatatae | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Mespilus pruinosa | C. callicarpa, C. conspecta, C. declivitatis, C. dilatata, C. locuples, C. speciosa | ||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (H. L. Wendland) K. Koch: Hort. Dendrol., 168. (1853) | Ashe: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 16: 74. (1900) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |