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Washington hawthorn, Washington thorn
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cypress hills hawthorn
|
| Trees, 40–100 dm. |
Shrubs or trees, ± erect, 25–60 dm. |
3-year old twigs shiny, deep reddish brown, older dark gray; thorns on twigs ± straight, 2–5 cm. |
twigs: new growth greenish red young, sparsely pilose, 1-year old deep to reddish brown, shiny, older orange-brown overlaid with gray; bark on 2–5 cm thick branches orange-brown; thorns on twigs few to numerous, ± straight to strongly recurved, slender, 3–7 cm, 2-years old blackish brown. |
petiole slender, sometimes both abaxially and adaxially short rusty-tomentose, eglandular; blade broadly to narrowly deltate, 3–6 cm, base truncate to rarely cuneate or cordate, sometimes very shallowly so, lobes palmately or pinnately 2(or 3) per side, margins serrulate, veins 6 or 7(or 8) per side (to sinuses), apex acute, surfaces glabrous. |
petiole 1–2 cm, sparsely hairy young, sparsely glandular; blade ± ovate to broadly elliptic, 3–6 cm, thin, base broadly cuneate, lobes 3 or 4 per side, max LII ca. 15%, lobe apex acute to ± rounded, margins serrate, teeth numerous, small, gland-tipped when young, veins 3 or 4 per side, apex acute, shiny, abaxial surface glabrate, some axils of midvein pilose, adaxial appressed-hairy. |
15–30-flowered, flowers strong-smelling; branches glabrous; bracteole margins stipitate-glandular. |
5–15-flowered; branches sparsely to moderately or densely pilose; bracteoles pale brownish, margins nearly eglandular, minutely short, delicately stipulate-glandular. |
10–12 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals 2 mm; stamens 20, anthers ivory; styles 3(or 4). |
15–18 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals ± anthocyanic, triangular, length not recorded, margins finely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous, adaxially pilose; stamens 10, anthers white; styles 3–5. |
|
on pendulous branches, burgundy (Aug–early Sep), black (late Sep), glossy, ellipsoid, 7–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals spreading, wide, 3–4 mm, apex ± acuminate; pyrenes 3–5, sides ± irregularly pitted or scarred. |
= 51, 68. |
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| Flowering Jun; fruiting Sep–Nov. |
Flowering late May–early Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep. |
| Woodland edges, gaps, scrub, damp locations |
Thickets, grasslands, light shade of Populus spp. |
| 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
800–1200 m (2600–3900 ft) |
|
AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; OH; OR; PA; SC; TN; VA; WA; WV; ON
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MT; AB; SK |
Crataegus phaenopyrum has a wide native range across the middle latitudes of the United States from Missouri to Maryland and southward but is not particularly abundant. In the northern and western states and Ontario, it is introduced. All alleged specimens for Alabama proved to be wrongly identified (J. B. Phipps 1998). The flowering season of the Washington thorn is the latest of all North American hawthorns. The species is one of the most widely planted ornamentals in the genus, being elegantly treelike and possessing beautiful, remarkably rust-resistant foliage at all seasons as well as attractive flowers and fruit. Several cultivars are known. Crataegus cordata (Miller) Aiton 1789 (= Mespilus cordata Miller 1757) was commonly used for C. phaenopyrum until the early 20th century (J. B. Phipps 1999). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus cupressocollina is found through much of the Cypress Hills, where it may be common, and in a restricted area in the Bear's Paw Mountains, Montana. The species is distinctive in its tall, willowy, upright habit, leaf form, relatively long, slender thorns, and two to five year-old orange-brown bark. The flowers differ from those in ser. Douglasianae in their white anthers. The ripe fruit of C. cupressocollina is glabrous and plum red to purple-brown in late August, after which it ripens to a glossy purple-black. The large, pendulous clusters of fruit at once draw attention, as do the reddish tips of the sepals and the soft red-brown of the often nearly eglandular bracteoles when in flower. The colorful expanding bud scales are also rather striking. Crataegus cupressocollina is the first to flower of sympatric species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| FNA vol. 9, p. 499. |
FNA vol. 9, p. 507. |
| Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Crataegus > ser. Cordatae |
Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Purpureofructus |
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae |
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae |
| Mespilus phaenopyrum, C. youngii |
|
| (Linnaeus f.) Medikus: Gesch. Bot., 84. (1793) |
J. B. Phipps & O’Kennon: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1056, plates 6.2a, 7a,b, fig. 6. (2007) |
| |
BC, 
OR, 
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Flora NW, 
IL Wildflowers, 
LA Plants, 
MD Biodiversity, 
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