Flora of North America species comparison

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Crataegus phaenopyrum

Crataegus beata

Washington hawthorn, Washington thorn

dunbar's hawthorn
Habit Trees, 40–100 dm. Shrubs, 60 dm.
Stems

3-year old twigs shiny, deep reddish brown, older dark gray;

thorns on twigs ± straight, 2–5 cm.

twigs: new growth dark orange-green tinged with red, glabrous, 1-year old bright reddish brown, older mid gray;

thorns on twigs straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old dark, shiny reddish brown, stout, 3.5–4.5 cm.
Leaves

petiole slender, sometimes both abaxially and adaxially short rusty-tomentose, eglandular;

blade broadly to narrowly deltate, 3–6 cm, base truncate to rarely cuneate or cordate, sometimes very shallowly so, lobes palmately or pinnately 2(or 3) per side, margins serrulate, veins 6 or 7(or 8) per side (to sinuses), apex acute, surfaces glabrous.

petiole 2.5–4 cm, hairy young, glabrescent, ± densely glandular;

blade broadly ovate to deltate-ovate, 5–8 cm, subcoriaceous, base broadly rounded to subtruncate, sometimes broadly cuneate, lobes 4 or 5 per side, ± triangular, sinuses not recorded, lobe apex acute to acuminate, margins strongly serrate, veins 5 per side, apex acuminate, surfaces glabrous except adaxial ± appressed-hairy young.
Inflorescences

15–30-flowered, flowers strong-smelling;

branches glabrous;

bracteole margins stipitate-glandular.

5–12-flowered;

branches glabrous;

bracteoles few, margins glandular.
Flowers

10–12 mm diam.;

hypanthium glabrous;

sepals 2 mm;

stamens 20, anthers ivory;

styles 3(or 4).

16–18 mm diam.;

hypanthium glabrous;

sepals narrowly triangular, margins subentire or slightly glandular, abaxially glabrous;

stamens 20, anthers deep maroon;

styles 3 or 4.
Pomes

crimson, oblong to oblong-obovoid, 9–10 mm diam.;

sepals spreading;

pyrenes 4 or 5, dorsally grooved.
2n

= 51, 68.

Crataegus phaenopyrum

Crataegus beata
Phenology Flowering Jun; fruiting Sep–Nov. Flowering May; fruiting Sep–Oct.
Habitat Woodland edges, gaps, scrub, damp locations Brush
Elevation 10–300 m (0–1000 ft) 100–300 m (300–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; OH; OR; PA; SC; TN; VA; WA; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MI; NY; OH; WI; ON
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Crataegus phaenopyrum has a wide native range across the middle latitudes of the United States from Missouri to Maryland and southward but is not particularly abundant. In the northern and western states and Ontario, it is introduced. All alleged specimens for Alabama proved to be wrongly identified (J. B. Phipps 1998).

The flowering season of the Washington thorn is the latest of all North American hawthorns. The species is one of the most widely planted ornamentals in the genus, being elegantly treelike and possessing beautiful, remarkably rust-resistant foliage at all seasons as well as attractive flowers and fruit. Several cultivars are known.

Crataegus cordata (Miller) Aiton 1789 (= Mespilus cordata Miller 1757) was commonly used for C. phaenopyrum until the early 20th century (J. B. Phipps 1999).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Crataegus beata is a rare, variable taxon that here comprises all the 20-stamen forms of ser. Populneae and may be more widespread than indicated. Syntype material has resemblances to C. schuettei and C. stolonifera. The very small amount of material available to the author is characterized by tan or very dark (brownish to blackish) one-year old wood and one-year thorns, sharply dissected, narrower, C. levis-like leaves, or more shallowly incised (except in extension shoots) C. populnea-like coriaceous foliage and glandular-serrate sepals. In these, the anthers are pink to red and the pomes large, oblong-orbicular, and red. The young leaves are densely short, scabrous hairy adaxially when young.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 499. FNA vol. 9, p. 570.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Crataegus > ser. Cordatae Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Populneae
Sibling taxa
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
Synonyms Mespilus phaenopyrum, C. youngii
Name authority (Linnaeus f.) Medikus: Gesch. Bot., 84. (1793) Sargent: Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci. 4: 97. (1903)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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