Flora of North America species comparison

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Crataegus monogyna

Crataegus submollis

aubépine monogyne, common hawthorn, English hawthorn, hawthorn, one-seed hawthorn, singleseed hawthorn

aubépine subsoyeuse, northern downy hawthorn, northern red haw, Quebec hawthorn
Habit Shrubs, sometimes trees, 60–70 dm.
Stems

twigs: new growth appressed-pubescent, 1-year old tan to brown, older gray;

thorns on twigs usually numerous, straight to curved, 2-years old shiny blackish, ± thick, 4–7 cm.
Leaves

petiole length 30–50% blade, densely pubescent, ± glandular, glands black;

blade ± broadly ovate to rhombic-elliptic, 4–9(–11) cm, chartaceous, base cuneate to almost truncate, lobes 3–5 per side, obscure on smaller leaves, sinuses shallow to moderately deep, lobe apex acuminate, margins sharply, doubly serrate, on larger leaves teeth 2–3 mm, gland-tipped at least initially, veins 5–7 per side, apex acute to subobtuse, abaxial surface sparsely appressed-pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, veins abaxially pubescent, adaxial densely scabrous-pubescent young, variably glabrescent.
Inflorescences

5–15-flowered;

branches densely pubescent;

bracteoles caducous, linear, membranous, margins sessile-glandular, larger similar but late-deciduous, more herbaceous.
Flowers

20–22 mm diam.;

hypanthium tomentose;

sepals narrowly triangular, 6–7 mm, margins deeply glandular-serrate, abaxially pubescent;

stamens 10(or 20), anthers ivory;

styles (3–)5.
Pomes

bright red, suborbicular to pyriform or ellipsoid, 10–15 mm diam., hairy, especially proximally and distally;

sepals prominent, erect-patent, stiff;

pyrenes 3–5.
2n

= 68.

Crataegus monogyna

Crataegus submollis
Phenology Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct.
Habitat Brush, natural hedgerows, field margins, apparently calciphile
Elevation 20–400 m (100–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; VT; WA; WI; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced also in South America, s Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MA; ME; MI; NH; NY; OH; PA; VT; WI; NB; NS; ON; QC [Introduced in Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (1 in the flora).

Crataegus monogyna was introduced early to North America to be used for agricultural hedges, a practice now discontinued on this continent.

Cultivar 'Crimson Cloud,' often under an incorrect species name, is widely cultivated as an ornamental.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Crataegus submollis ranges from eastern Wisconsin and northern Michigan through the limestone areas of southern Ontario into Quebec, and New York to Maine and southern Nova Scotia. It is occasionally found in Pennsylvania and is plausible for northern West Virginia. It is allopatric with C. mollis. Crataegus submollis has also been recorded wild in Europe, including France and northern Italy.

Crataegus submollis, though quite similar to C. mollis, differs in its distribution, stature, petiole glandularity, stamen number, and greater thorniness.

The typical form of Crataegus submollis has proportionately broader leaves that are broadly cuneate to subcordate basally. By contrast, C. champlainensis is a form with proportionately narrower leaves more or less truncate to subcordate at the base. Intermediate forms are common in Quebec and New England. Placing the 20-stamen C. canadensis, a distinctive local form from the Montreal area, with C. submollis is based on leaf shape, glandular petioles, and disjunction from the range of C. mollis. Crataegus arnoldiana is a form with particularly large fruit.

Possession of glandular petioles and similar flowering time means that Crataegus submollis can sometimes show surprising similarity to large specimens of C. chrysocarpa. Then, the large fruiting calyces and the tendency to a more herbaceous larger bracteole type of C. submollis, typical for ser. Molles, differentiate.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 497. FNA vol. 9, p. 556.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Crataegus > ser. Crataegus Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Molles
Sibling taxa
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
Subordinate taxa
C. monogyna var. monogyna
Synonyms C. arnoldiana, C. canadensis, C. champlainensis
Name authority Jacquin: Fl. Austriac. 3: 50, plate 292, fig. 1. (1775) Sargent: Bot. Gaz. 31: 7. (1901)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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