FNA: Crataegus monogyna vs. Crataegus brazoria

	Crataegus monogyna	Crataegus brazoria
	aubépine monogyne, common hawthorn, English hawthorn, hawthorn, one-seed hawthorn, singleseed hawthorn	Brazos hawthorn
Habit		Shrubs or trees, 80–100 dm.
Stems		older trunk bark gray and black, scaly; twigs: new growth densely white-hairy, 1-year old shiny brown, older pale gray; thorns on twigs absent or few, ± straight, 2-years old black, slender, 4–7 cm.
Leaves		petiole length 35–40% blade, densely pubescent young, becoming sparsely to densely pubescent, eglandular; blade elliptic to narrowly ovate, 4–7 cm, thin, base curved-cuneate, lobes 0, or 1 or 2 apicula per side, margins serrate, teeth 1.5–2.5 mm, veins 4–6 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface woolly pubescent, glabrescent, adaxial scabrous young, variably glabrescent.
Inflorescences		7–12-flowered; branches tomentose; bracteoles caducous, linear, subherbaceous, margins glandular, parallel veined, abaxially pubescent.
Flowers		15–20 mm diam.; hypanthium tomentose; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins glandular-laciniate to nearly entire, abaxially densely pubescent; stamens 20, anthers rose; styles 4 or 5.
Infructescences		fruiting pedicels pubescent.
Pomes		usually red, sometimes bright yellow to golden or orange, suborbicular, 8–12 mm diam., often bearing residual hairs, particularly toward base or apex; sepals often broken or absent, broadly spreading; pyrenes 4 or 5.

	Crataegus monogyna	Crataegus brazoria
Phenology		Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct.
Habitat		Rich alluvial soil, brush
Elevation		10–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution	CA; CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; VT; WA; WI; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced also in South America, s Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia] [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	TX [BONAP county map]
Discussion	Varieties 2 (1 in the flora). Crataegus monogyna was introduced early to North America to be used for agricultural hedges, a practice now discontinued on this continent. Cultivar 'Crimson Cloud,' often under an incorrect species name, is widely cultivated as an ornamental. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Of conservation concern. Crataegus brazoria is restricted to south-central and southeastern Texas. Crataegus brazoria was originally described as yellow-fruited with narrow leaves that more or less lack lobes. Such forms are very rare. The species is here expanded to include more abundant, red-fruited forms that extend into central Texas and are generally similar to C. texana except in leaf shape. It is plausible, because of sympatry and fruit color, that yellow-fruited C. brazoria represents introgression between its red-fruited form and C. mollis var. viburnifolia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 9, p. 497.	FNA vol. 9, p. 556.
Parent taxa	Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Crataegus > ser. Crataegus	Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Molles
Sibling taxa	C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae	C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
Subordinate taxa	C. monogyna var. monogyna
Name authority	Jacquin: Fl. Austriac. 3: 50, plate 292, fig. 1. (1775)	Sargent: Bot. Gaz. 31: 233. (1901)
Web links	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, Go Botany, IL Wildflowers, MI Flora, MN Wildflowers, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Crataegus brazoria

aubépine monogyne, common hawthorn, English hawthorn, hawthorn, one-seed hawthorn, singleseed hawthorn

Brazos hawthorn

Habit

Shrubs or trees, 80–100 dm.

Stems

older trunk bark gray and black, scaly;

twigs: new growth densely white-hairy, 1-year old shiny brown, older pale gray;

thorns on twigs absent or few, ± straight, 2-years old black, slender, 4–7 cm.

Leaves

petiole length 35–40% blade, densely pubescent young, becoming sparsely to densely pubescent, eglandular;

blade elliptic to narrowly ovate, 4–7 cm, thin, base curved-cuneate, lobes 0, or 1 or 2 apicula per side, margins serrate, teeth 1.5–2.5 mm, veins 4–6 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface woolly pubescent, glabrescent, adaxial scabrous young, variably glabrescent.

Inflorescences

7–12-flowered;

branches tomentose;

bracteoles caducous, linear, subherbaceous, margins glandular, parallel veined, abaxially pubescent.

Flowers

15–20 mm diam.;

hypanthium tomentose;

sepals narrowly triangular, 5–6 mm, margins glandular-laciniate to nearly entire, abaxially densely pubescent;

stamens 20, anthers rose;

styles 4 or 5.

Infructescences

fruiting pedicels pubescent.

Pomes

usually red, sometimes bright yellow to golden or orange, suborbicular, 8–12 mm diam., often bearing residual hairs, particularly toward base or apex;

sepals often broken or absent, broadly spreading;

pyrenes 4 or 5.

Crataegus monogyna

Crataegus brazoria

Phenology

Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct.

Habitat

Rich alluvial soil, brush

Elevation

10–100 m (0–300 ft)

Distribution

CA; CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; VT; WA; WI; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced also in South America, s Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

Discussion

Varieties 2 (1 in the flora).

Crataegus monogyna was introduced early to North America to be used for agricultural hedges, a practice now discontinued on this continent.

Cultivar 'Crimson Cloud,' often under an incorrect species name, is widely cultivated as an ornamental.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Crataegus brazoria is restricted to south-central and southeastern Texas.

Crataegus brazoria was originally described as yellow-fruited with narrow leaves that more or less lack lobes. Such forms are very rare. The species is here expanded to include more abundant, red-fruited forms that extend into central Texas and are generally similar to C. texana except in leaf shape. It is plausible, because of sympatry and fruit color, that yellow-fruited C. brazoria represents introgression between its red-fruited form and C. mollis var. viburnifolia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 9, p. 497.

FNA vol. 9, p. 556.

Parent taxa

Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Crataegus > ser. Crataegus

Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Molles

Sibling taxa

C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae

C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae

Subordinate taxa

C. monogyna var. monogyna

Name authority

Jacquin: Fl. Austriac. 3: 50, plate 292, fig. 1. (1775)

Sargent: Bot. Gaz. 31: 233. (1901)

Web links

Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA
Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, Go Botany, IL Wildflowers, MI Flora, MN Wildflowers, PNW Herbaria
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
USDA Plants Database
LBJ Wildflower Center
SEINet
Plants of the World Online
Encyclopedia of Life
Wikipedia
Google Image Search

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America, OregonFlora, UW Burke Herbarium

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Crataegus monogyna

Crataegus brazoria

Crataegus monogyna

Crataegus brazoria