FNA: Crataegus monogyna vs. Crataegus aquacervensis

	Crataegus monogyna	Crataegus aquacervensis
	aubépine monogyne, common hawthorn, English hawthorn, hawthorn, one-seed hawthorn, singleseed hawthorn	Elkwater hawthorn
Habit		Shrubs, densely branched, 20–40 dm.
Stems		twigs: new growth anthocyanin-rich, nearly glabrous, 1-year old medium to darker brown, older gray to dark gray; bark on 2–5 cm thick branches gray-brown; thorns on twigs usually recurved, ± stout, 3–6.5 cm, 2-years old dark red-brown.
Leaves		deciduous; petiole length 30–40% blade, hairy (only in adaxial sulcus), sessile-glandular; blade ovate or trullate-ovate to broadly elliptic, 3–3.5 cm at anthesis, 4–7 cm mature, ± coriaceous, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, lobes (2 or)3 or 4 per side, pronounced, max LII 15–25%, lobe apex acute, margins serrate, teeth numerous, small, acute to subacute, veins (3 or)4 or 5 per side, distinctly impressed adaxially, apex acute, shiny, abaxial surface glabrous, veins sometimes densely finely hairy along sides, adaxial ± densely appressed-scabrous hairy.
Inflorescences		5–12-flowered; branches ± sparsely to moderately or densely pubescent; bracteoles light brown, margins glandular.
Flowers		15–18 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrate or sparsely to moderately pubescent; sepals pale with some anthocyanin or light brown, triangular, 2.5 mm, margins denticulate to glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers pale pink or pink; styles 3 or 4.
Fruiting pedicels		glabrate or sparsely to moderately or densely hairy.
Pomes		reddish plum early (late Aug), dull purple mature (mid Sep), ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid or ovoid, 10–12 mm diam., glabrate or moderately to densely pubescent; sepals usually erect-recurved, wide, 2.5–4 mm; pyrenes 3 or 4(or 5), sides ± eroded, often shallowly.

	Crataegus monogyna	Crataegus aquacervensis
Phenology		Flowering late May–early Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep.
Habitat		Thickets, light shade of Populus spp.
Elevation		800–1200 m (2600–3900 ft)
Distribution	CA; CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; VT; WA; WI; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced also in South America, s Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia] [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	AB; SK
Discussion	Varieties 2 (1 in the flora). Crataegus monogyna was introduced early to North America to be used for agricultural hedges, a practice now discontinued on this continent. Cultivar 'Crimson Cloud,' often under an incorrect species name, is widely cultivated as an ornamental. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Crataegus aquacervensis is widely distributed in the northern part of the Cypress Hills westward from the Adams Creek area and Fort Walsh. The species is superficially similar to the sympatric C. rivuloadamensis (ser. Montaninsulae) and C. chrysocarpa (ser. Rotundifoliae), differing from both by the more or less eroded lateral faces of the pyrenes and from the latter by the larger, more venous leaves, prominent fruiting calyx, and ripe fruit color. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 9, p. 497.	FNA vol. 9, p. 506.
Parent taxa	Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Crataegus > ser. Crataegus	Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Purpureofructus
Sibling taxa	C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae	C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
Subordinate taxa	C. monogyna var. monogyna
Name authority	Jacquin: Fl. Austriac. 3: 50, plate 292, fig. 1. (1775)	J. B. Phipps & O’Kennon: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1061, plate 7.2c, fig. 11. (2007)
Web links	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, Go Botany, IL Wildflowers, MI Flora, MN Wildflowers, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Crataegus aquacervensis

aubépine monogyne, common hawthorn, English hawthorn, hawthorn, one-seed hawthorn, singleseed hawthorn

Elkwater hawthorn

Habit

Shrubs, densely branched, 20–40 dm.

Stems

twigs: new growth anthocyanin-rich, nearly glabrous, 1-year old medium to darker brown, older gray to dark gray;

bark on 2–5 cm thick branches gray-brown;

thorns on twigs usually recurved, ± stout, 3–6.5 cm, 2-years old dark red-brown.

Leaves

deciduous;

petiole length 30–40% blade, hairy (only in adaxial sulcus), sessile-glandular;

blade ovate or trullate-ovate to broadly elliptic, 3–3.5 cm at anthesis, 4–7 cm mature, ± coriaceous, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, lobes (2 or)3 or 4 per side, pronounced, max LII 15–25%, lobe apex acute, margins serrate, teeth numerous, small, acute to subacute, veins (3 or)4 or 5 per side, distinctly impressed adaxially, apex acute, shiny, abaxial surface glabrous, veins sometimes densely finely hairy along sides, adaxial ± densely appressed-scabrous hairy.

Inflorescences

5–12-flowered;

branches ± sparsely to moderately or densely pubescent;

bracteoles light brown, margins glandular.

Flowers

15–18 mm diam.;

hypanthium glabrate or sparsely to moderately pubescent;

sepals pale with some anthocyanin or light brown, triangular, 2.5 mm, margins denticulate to glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous;

stamens 10, anthers pale pink or pink;

styles 3 or 4.

Fruiting pedicels

glabrate or sparsely to moderately or densely hairy.

Pomes

reddish plum early (late Aug), dull purple mature (mid Sep), ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid or ovoid, 10–12 mm diam., glabrate or moderately to densely pubescent;

sepals usually erect-recurved, wide, 2.5–4 mm;

pyrenes 3 or 4(or 5), sides ± eroded, often shallowly.

Crataegus monogyna

Crataegus aquacervensis

Phenology

Flowering late May–early Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep.

Habitat

Thickets, light shade of Populus spp.

Elevation

800–1200 m (2600–3900 ft)

Distribution

CA; CO; CT; DE; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; VT; WA; WI; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; w Asia; n Africa [Introduced also in South America, s Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

AB; SK

Discussion

Varieties 2 (1 in the flora).

Crataegus monogyna was introduced early to North America to be used for agricultural hedges, a practice now discontinued on this continent.

Cultivar 'Crimson Cloud,' often under an incorrect species name, is widely cultivated as an ornamental.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Crataegus aquacervensis is widely distributed in the northern part of the Cypress Hills westward from the Adams Creek area and Fort Walsh. The species is superficially similar to the sympatric C. rivuloadamensis (ser. Montaninsulae) and C. chrysocarpa (ser. Rotundifoliae), differing from both by the more or less eroded lateral faces of the pyrenes and from the latter by the larger, more venous leaves, prominent fruiting calyx, and ripe fruit color.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 9, p. 497.

FNA vol. 9, p. 506.

Parent taxa

Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Crataegus > ser. Crataegus

Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Purpureofructus

Sibling taxa

C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae

C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae

Subordinate taxa

C. monogyna var. monogyna

Name authority

Jacquin: Fl. Austriac. 3: 50, plate 292, fig. 1. (1775)

J. B. Phipps & O’Kennon: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 1061, plate 7.2c, fig. 11. (2007)

Web links

Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA
Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, Go Botany, IL Wildflowers, MI Flora, MN Wildflowers, PNW Herbaria
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
USDA Plants Database
LBJ Wildflower Center
SEINet
Plants of the World Online
Encyclopedia of Life
Wikipedia
Google Image Search

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America, OregonFlora, UW Burke Herbarium

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Crataegus monogyna

Crataegus aquacervensis

Crataegus monogyna

Crataegus aquacervensis