Crataegus iracunda |
Crataegus enderbyensis |
|
---|---|---|
forest hawthorn, passionate hawthorn, stolonbearing hawthorn |
Enderby hawthorn, hawthorn |
|
Habit | Shrubs or trees, 30–80 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 50–60 dm. |
Stems | twigs: new growth greenish, glabrous, 1-year old deep reddish brown, 2-years old grayer; thorns on twigs 2-years old blackish or dark gray, shiny, slender, 2.5–4 cm. |
twigs: new growth pubescence not recorded, 1-year old purple-brown, older dark gray; thorns on twigs recurved, mahogany brown, shiny young, stout, 2.5 cm. |
Leaves | petiole length 40–50% blade, eglandular; blade ovate to ovate-deltate, 2–4(–5) cm, 1.2–1.4 times as long as wide, 40–60% mature size at anthesis, base broadly rounded to subtruncate or subcordate, lobes 4 per side, sinuses moderately shallow, lobe apex ca. 90 at tip, often less, margins serrate, teeth regular, 0.5–1 mm, with minute, caducous gland-tipped, veins 3 or 4(or 5) per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous except along veins, adaxial finely appressed-pubescent young. |
petiole 1–2 cm, glabrous, glandularity not recorded; blade ovate-rhombic, 4–8 cm, softly coriaceous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, lobes 3 per side, short, lobe apex acute, margins serrulate, veins 4 per side, distinctly impressed adaxially, apex acute or subacute, abaxial surface glabrous, veins hairy, adaxial appressed-hairy. |
Inflorescences | 4–10-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteoles few, ± linear. |
12–25-flowered; branches villous; bracteole margins glandular. |
Flowers | 12–15 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals 4–5 mm, margins ± entire or slightly glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers pink to purple; styles 3–5. |
15 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 5–7 mm, margins finely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers cream; styles 3. |
Pomes | orange to red, or blotched green, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam.; sepals spreading; pyrenes 3–5, dorsally grooved. |
often in large, ± pendent infructescences, cream young (mid Aug), turning salmon, then red (late Aug), purple mature (Sep), ellipsoid-urceolate, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals erect-patent to reflexed, narrow, 5–7 mm, hairy; pyrenes 3, sides plane or shallowly eroded. |
2n | = 68. |
|
Crataegus iracunda |
Crataegus enderbyensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct. | Flowering May; fruiting Sep–Oct. |
Habitat | Open woodlands, brush, fencerows, cutovers | Brush, natural hedgerows, on mesic sites |
Elevation | 20–300 m (100–1000 ft) | 300–400 m (1000–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; VA
|
BC |
Discussion | Crataegus iracunda ranges from Louisiana to South Carolina and Georgia, and to Virginia, but only at low altitudes. Nearly all records of C. iracunda north of the listed distribution are referable to C. macrosperma or to various species in ser. Populneae. The distinguishing features of Crataegus iracunda are most evident when it is in flower. The species can be construed as a smaller, more southern, allopatric relative of C. macrosperma distinguished by smaller leaves (particularly at anthesis), more slender thorns, and harder, drier pomes. Its distribution is almost wholly to the south of or in Appalachia, at lower elevations than C. macrosperma. The nearest records of C. macrosperma to the Louisiana populations of C. iracunda are from the Arkansas Ozarks. Crataegus iracunda has been confused with C. gattingeri (ser. Pruinosae) but is readily distinguished in flower by adaxial leaf pubescence, stamen number, and by lacking the usually attenuate terminal leaf lobes of the latter. However, in fruit, unless the filament bases can be counted, one is left with the less reliable feature of the terminal lobe shape. Confusion with the larger-leaved C. populnea (ser. Populneae) is perhaps possible, but the two species are essentially allopatric and their leaves differ markedly in size and texture. Earlier attempts to segregate varieties based on leaf size are not taken up here but may have merit as the relatively numerous Louisiana (Crataegus drymophila) form has much smaller leaves than North Carolina specimens. Variety brumalis (Ashe) Kruschke (Crataegus brumalis Ashe) with syntype material from near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a different entity. Compared to C. iracunda, it has larger and differently shaped (often more or less truncate-based) leaves, proportionately larger at anthesis, and adaxially subglabrous, conspicuously glandular petioles, and larger flowers. This taxon (as a variety of C. iracunda) is primarily responsible for the northwards extension of the range of the latter species. In fact, north of the Mason-Dixon line, most of the specimens attributed to C. brumalis seen by the author appear to be forms of C. macrosperma. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus enderbyensis is known from the Armstrong-Enderby region of the upper Okanagan. The species is easily recognized in the field by its dark green, softly coriaceous, somewhat drooping, convex leaves, with deeply impressed venation, as well as its usually large drooping corymbs with very pale fruit (at first), becoming red and finally turning purple-black. In flower, it is very similar to C. okanaganensis. The indumentum difference from C. okanaganensis originally noted has been found not to hold up after further collections. The differences as now understood between the two species reside only in unique characteristics of the C. enderbyensis leaf and its early pome color. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 563. | FNA vol. 9, p. 505. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Tenuifoliae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Purpureofructus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. drymophila, C. iracunda var. silvicola | |
Name authority | Beadle: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 124. (1902) | J. B. Phipps & O'Kennon: Sida 20: 136, fig. 8. (2002) |
Web links |