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aubépine de Holmes, Holmes' hawthorn

aubépine de Schuette, royal hawthorn, Schuette hawthorn, Schuette's hawthorn

Habit Shrubs or trees, 40–70(–100) dm, single-trunked. Shrubs or trees, 40–70 dm.
Stems

twigs: new growth greenish to reddish, glabrous or pubescent;

thorns on twigs recurved, often slender, 3–6 cm.

twigs: new growth reddish, glabrous, 1-year old shiny reddish brown, older dull gray;

thorns on twigs 1-year old glossy, dark brown to blackish, ± stout, 3–6 cm.

Leaves

petiole length 30–35% blade, glabrate to densely hairy, often sparsely glandular;

blade ± narrowly ovate, 6–9 cm, base cuneate or ± rounded, lobe apex acuminate, margins serrate or doubly serrate, teeth 2 mm, adaxial usually densely scabrous-pubescent young.

petiole length 50–60% blade, usually glandular;

blade ovate to oblong-ovate or narrowly ovate (ovate on extension shoots), 3–6 cm, base truncate, rounded, or cuneate, lobes 4 or 5 per side, sinuses moderately deep, lobe apex acute to acuminate, margins serrate, teeth 1 mm, veins 5 or 6 per side, apex acute, adaxial surface sparsely to densely scabrous-pubescent young, early glabrescent.

Inflorescences

branches usually pubescent, rarely glabrous or tomentose.

4–10-flowered;

branches usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent;

bracteoles absent or few, linear.

Flowers

hypanthium usually pubescent;

stamens 5–8(–10), anthers pink to rose-purple, sometimes crimson.

15–26 mm diam.;

hypanthium glabrous;

sepals 3–4 mm, margins subentire or glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous;

stamens 20, anthers red;

styles 3–5.

Pomes

bright to deep red, ellipsoid to broadly pyriform, 12–14 mm, usually glabrous;

sepals wide-spreading or erose.

red, ellipsoid to suborbicular, 8–20 mm diam., succulent;

sepals ± erose or erect-patent;

pyrenes 3–5, dorsally grooved.

2n

= 34, 51.

= 51.

Crataegus holmesiana

Crataegus schuettei

Phenology Flowering May; fruiting Sep–Oct.
Habitat Woodland edges, old pastures, fencerows
Elevation 10–300 m (0–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; VT; WI; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CT; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Crataegus holmesiana ranges from Wisconsin and Illinois through the southern Great Lakes region to southern Quebec and Maine, and to Pennsylvania; it is common in much of its range and should be expected in West Virginia.

In its usual form, Crataegus holmesiana is readily distinguished from C. coccinea vars. coccinea and pringlei, though occasional intermediates occur. Crataegus robesoniana Sargent [C. pedicellata var. robesoniana (Sargent) E. J. Palmer] is one and perhaps C. amicta Ashe [C. holmesiana var. amicta (Ashe) E. J. Palmer] is another. Crataegus holmesiana is routinely interpreted as a typical member of ser. Coccineae, thus, a villous inflorescence taxon with serrate sepals. However, the protologue by Ashe (authentic material not located) states that the inflorescences are glabrous and the sepals are nearly entire, causing confusion with C. tenuifolia Britton (ser. Tenuifoliae). Current usage for C. holmesiana became fixed after Ashe erected a var. villosa with serrate sepals and villous inflorescences.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 4 (4 in the flora).

Crataegus schuettei ranges from Wisconsin through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, to North Carolina. Recent discoveries add the Ozarks and may add Minnesota (see discussion under C. fluviatilis) to the documented range. Variety schuettei closely resembles C. macrosperma, differing principally in its often larger flowers, 20 stamens, usually glandular-serrate sepal margins, and larger fruit but is not nearly so variable as C. macrosperma; the other varieties are very rare. Still, the four varieties are fairly distinct. Crataegus basilica appears to be the southern form of the type variety and is very like sympatric C. macrosperma except for stamen number.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescence branches sparsely pubescent; leaf blades narrowly ovate, bases ± narrowly cuneate.
var. cuneata
1. Inflorescence branches glabrous; leaf blades ± ovate to ovate-oblong, bases subtruncate or broadly cuneate to rounded
→ 2
2. Flowers 24–26 mm diam.; pomes 15–20 mm diam.
var. gigantea
2. Flowers 15–20 mm diam.; pomes 8–15 mm diam
→ 3
3. Leaf blades ± ovate, sinuses shallow (max LII 15–20%), proximal lobes almost never most deeply separated, spreading at 45º–60º.
var. schuettei
3. Leaf blades ovate to ovate-oblong, proximal sinuses deep (max LII 30–40%), proximal lobes the most deeply separated, spreading at 60º–80º.
var. ferrissii
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 560. FNA vol. 9, p. 565.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Coccineae Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Tenuifoliae
Sibling taxa
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
Subordinate taxa
C. schuettei var. cuneata, C. schuettei var. ferrissii, C. schuettei var. gigantea, C. schuettei var. schuettei
Synonyms C. anomala, C. eamesii, C. elongata, C. holmesiana var. villipes, C. pura, C. sertata, C. tardipes
Name authority Ashe: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 16: 78. (1900) Ashe: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 17: 7. (1901)
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