aubépine flabelliforme, fan-leaf hawthorn
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Shrubs or trees, 40–50 dm. |
Trees or shrubs; armed or unarmed. |
twigs: new growth reddish at first, usually sparsely pubescent, 1-year old deep chestnut brown, older dull gray; thorns on twigs 1-year old shiny, dark brown, stout to slender, 4–6 cm. |
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petiole 1–2 mm wide, length 40–50% blade, glandular; blade glossy, dark green, broadly elliptic to ovate, 4–7 cm, base cuneate to slightly rounded, lobes 4 or 5 per side, sinuses deep, lobe apex acuminate, margins sharply serrate, teeth gland-tipped, veins 5 or 6 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous except along veins, adaxial densely appressed-scabrous young, glabrescent. |
alternate, simple or pinnately compound; stipules persistent, deciduous, or absent, free, sometimes adnate or short-adnate to petiole (and base of blade in Peraphyllum ); venation pinnate. |
5–10-flowered; branches villous; bracteole frequency not recorded, linear. |
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13–17 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or villous at base; sepals 4–5 mm, margins entire, glandular to glandular-serrate, rarely nearly eglandular, apex acute, abaxial pubescence not recorded; stamens 5–10 or 20, anthers usually pink; styles 3–5. |
perianth and androecium epigynous (perigynous in Vauquelinia ); epicalyx bractlets absent; hypanthium hemispheric, campanulate, cupulate, funnelform, or obconic, sometimes urceolate, cylindric, or saucer-shaped; torus absent (present in Vauquelinia ); carpels 1–5, ± connate or distinct, adnate more than 1/2 to hypanthium (free in Vauquelinia , [Dichotomanthes ]), styles terminal, sometimes subterminal or lateral, distinct or ± connate basally; ovules (1 or)2(or 3), basal and collateral, or 2–20+, marginal and biseriate (with funicular obturators). |
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pomes or woody capsules surrounded by hypanthium and splitting into 5 follicles (coccetum) (Vauquelinia); styles persistent or deciduous, not elongate. |
crimson, ± ellipsoid, 8–10 mm diam., sometimes ± pruinose; sepals spreading or usually erose, not or obscurely elevated; pyrenes 3–5, dorsally deeply grooved. |
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= 51. |
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Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. |
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Brush, successional fields, fencelines, woodland edges, open woodlands |
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10–200 m (0–700 ft) |
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CT; MA; ME; NH; NY; VT; NB; NS; ON; QC
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HI; North America; Mexico; Central America; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands (Madeira) [Introduced in temperate southern hemisphere] |
Crataegus flabellata occurs along the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario, on both sides of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence, to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and to Massachusetts. Reports for Newfoundland have not been substantiated. Crataegus flabellata is distinctive with its leaf blades glossy dark green, ovate to broadly elliptic, cuneate at the base, and with deep acuminate lobes. Specimens with less glandularity or serration of the sepal margins may resemble C. fluviatilis. In spite of the obvious differences in morphology and range, C. flabellata and C. macrosperma often have been combined by floristicians. From C. chrysocarpa, C. flabellata is distinguished by its shinier, ellipsoid, glabrous fruit, by the usually deeper, acuminate lobes of its glossy, dark green leaves, and by longer, slightly more acute sepals. Typically, the inflorescences and hypanthia of eastern C. chrysocarpa are densely hairy, practically tomentose, unlike C. flabellata with its more sparsely hairy pedicels and glabrous distal hypanthia. It is conceivable that, due to morphological intermediacy and the sympatry of all three species within the range of C. flabellata, this species represents the result of ancient hybridization between C. chrysocarpa and C. macrosperma. Crataegus flabellata is usually divided into two varieties: var. flabellata (10 stamens) and var. grayana (20 stamens), the latter being particularly common in southern Quebec. There appears to be little, if any, other constant differentiating feature. Crataegus crudelis, also from Quebec, is a form recognized by long thorns (to 10 cm). The name Crataegus densiflora Sargent, which pertains to C. flabellata, is illegitimate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 29, species 550–840+ (18 genera, 270 species, including 18 hybrids, in the flora). The family name Malaceae Small (1903) is a conserved name, with Malus as its type genus. In contrast, the family name Pyraceae Vest (1818), with Pyrus as its type, is not a conserved name. Although Maleae was published later than Pyreae (1869), a Rosaceae tribe that includes both Malus and Pyrus is to be called Maleae (see Melbourne Code, Article 19.5, Example 5). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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1. Leaf margins usually horny; carpels free; flowers: perianth and androecium perigynous;
fruits woody capsules surrounded by a hypanthium, splitting into 5 follicles; seeds winged | Vauquelinia |
1. Leaf margins not horny; carpels ± adnate to hypanthium; flowers: perianth and androecium epigynous; fruits pomes; seeds not winged or pyrenes. | → 2 |
2. Fruiting carpels woody or bony. | → 3 |
3. Leaf margins entire; stipules short-adnate to petiole; stems unarmed; sepals erect in
flower; petal base clawed. | Cotoneaster |
3. Leaf margins ± serrate, crenate, serrulate, or crenulate, sometimes entire; stipules free; stems usually armed (sometimes with compound thorns), sometimes unarmed; sepals spreading in flower; petal base slightly or barely clawed. | → 4 |
4. Leaves persistent or late-deciduous; flowers 3–10(–12) mm diam., hypanthium campanulate; pomes 3–8 mm diam. | Pyracantha |
4. Leaves deciduous (sometimes winter-persistent in south); flowers 8–35 mm
diam., hypanthium ± obconic; pomes 6–40 mm diam. | → 5 |
5. Flowers 8–25 mm diam., stamens 5–20 (rarely 30–45); pomes yellow to red or purplish to black mature, 6–20(–25) mm diam.; pyrenes 1–5; short shoots present; inflorescences 1–50-flowered, domed panicles, corymbose, or flowers solitary. | Crataegus |
5. Flowers 25–35 mm diam., stamens 25–35(–40); pomes brownish, 15–40 mm diam.; pyrenes 5; short shoots rare or absent; inflorescences 1(or 2) flowered | Mespilus |
2. Fruiting carpels cartilaginous. | → 6 |
6. Stems armed (thorns present).> | → 7 |
7. Stipules persistent; pedicels short or absent; styles basally connate 1/3 of length;
pome flesh without stones; stamens 40–60; fruiting sepals deciduous. | Chaenomeles |
7. Stipules usually deciduous or caducous; pedicels present; styles distinct or basally
connate; pome flesh with stones (at least near carpels and epidermis); stamens 15–50;
fruiting sepals persistent or deciduous. | → 8 |
8. Pome flesh with stone cells adjacent to carpels and epidermis; styles basally
connate. | Malus |
8. Pome flesh with abundant stone or grit cells; styles distinct. | Pyrus |
| → 9 |
9. Inflorescences: flowers solitary or 1–5-flowered, corymbs or cymes. | → 10 |
10. Pomes yellow; ovules (seeds) many; inflorescences: flowers solitary. | → 11 |
11. Leaf margins entire, abaxial surfaces densely villous; buds ovoid, apices obtuse or acuminate, tomentose; young branches tomentose, glabrescent; stipules caducous; flowers 40–50 mm diam., petals white or light pink, suborbiculate, ovate, or obovate, stamens equal to or slightly longer than petals; pomes pyriform or subglobose, 30–50 mm. | Cydonia |
10. Pomes pink, yellow-orange, purple, purplish or bluish black, brownish, or nearly black; ovules (seeds) (1 or)2; inflorescences 1–5-flowered, cymes or corymbs. | → 12 |
12. Pomes yellow-orange; stipules adnate to petiole and base of blade; petioles short or absent; leaf blades elliptic to oblanceolate or linear. | Peraphyllum |
12. Pomes pink, bluish or purplish black, purple, brownish, or nearly black; stipules free; petioles present; leaf blades elliptic, elliptic-oblong, or oblong-ovate to orbiculate. | → 13 |
13. Leaves leathery, drought-deciduous or persistent; sepals nearly orbiculate (inner broadly deltate), petals round or kidney-shaped; carpels barely connate or distinct, styles lateral; pomes translucent, vivid pink, drying purplish black. | Malacomeles |
13. Leaves membranous to coriaceous (not leathery), deciduous; sepals triangular to lanceolate, petals linear to orbiculate; carpels connate, styles terminal; pomes bluish or purplish to nearly black, pinkish or maroon-purple, dark purple-blue, or brownish. | Amelanchier |
9. Inflorescences (4 or)5–400+-flowered, panicles, sometimes racemes, corymbs, or
subumbellate. | → 14 |
14. Leaves persistent, leathery; carpels basally adnate to hypanthium. | → 15 |
15. Leaf margins flat; flowers 15–20 mm diam.; pedicels short or nearly absent; hypanthia usually tomentose; stamens 20; carpels connate, styles (2–)5; pomes soft apricot yellow, 20–30 mm (diam.). | Eriobotrya |
15. Leaf margins revolute; flowers 10 mm diam.; pedicels present; hypanthia glabrous or weakly floccose; stamens 10; carpels distinct, styles 2 or 3; pomes usually bright red, sometimes yellow, 5–10 mm | Heteromeles |
14. Leaves usually deciduous, sometimes semipersistent or persistent (then margin entire), membranous to ± leathery; carpels adnate to all or 1/3–1/2 of hypanthium. | → 16 |
16. Pome flesh with stones or sclereids. | → 17 |
17. Inflorescences terminal, 6–400+-flowered flat-topped or rounded panicles; flowers opening after leaf expansion, 5–17 mm diam.; sepals erect or ascending; leaves pinnately divided, sometimes simple or lobed. | Sorbus |
17. Inflorescences terminal on short shoots, 4–9-flowered racemes or simple corymbs, umbel-like; flowers developing with or before leaves, 15–45 mm diam.; sepals reflexed; leaves simple. | Pyrus |
16. Pome flesh without stones. | → 18 |
18. Stipules adnate to petiole, persistent | Aronia |
18. Stipules free, caducous or deciduous. | → 19 |
19. Leaves persistent or deciduous; inflorescences corymbose or subumbellate; pomes red or black. | Photinia |
19. Leaves deciduous; inflorescences racemes; pomes bluish or purplish to nearly
black, pinkish or maroon-purple, dark purple-blue, or brownish | Amelanchier |
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FNA vol. 9, p. 567. |
FNA vol. 9, p. 424. Author: Luc Brouillet. |
Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Tenuifoliae |
Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae |
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae |
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Amelanchier, Aronia, Chaenomeles, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Eriobotrya, Heteromeles, Malacomeles, Malus, Mespilus, Peraphyllum, Photinia, Pyracantha, Pyrus, Sorbus, Vauquelinia |
Mespilus flabellata, C. crudelis, C. flabellata var. densiflora, C. flabellata var. grayana, C. grayana |
family rosaceae tribe Pyreae |
(Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch: Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten, ser. 2, 1: 240. (1853) |
Small: Man. S.E. Fl., 632. (1933) |
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