Crataegus flabellata |
Crataegus schuettei |
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aubépine flabelliforme, fan-leaf hawthorn |
aubépine de Schuette, royal hawthorn, Schuette hawthorn, Schuette's hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 40–50 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 40–70 dm. | ||||||||||||
Stems | twigs: new growth reddish at first, usually sparsely pubescent, 1-year old deep chestnut brown, older dull gray; thorns on twigs 1-year old shiny, dark brown, stout to slender, 4–6 cm. |
twigs: new growth reddish, glabrous, 1-year old shiny reddish brown, older dull gray; thorns on twigs 1-year old glossy, dark brown to blackish, ± stout, 3–6 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 1–2 mm wide, length 40–50% blade, glandular; blade glossy, dark green, broadly elliptic to ovate, 4–7 cm, base cuneate to slightly rounded, lobes 4 or 5 per side, sinuses deep, lobe apex acuminate, margins sharply serrate, teeth gland-tipped, veins 5 or 6 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous except along veins, adaxial densely appressed-scabrous young, glabrescent. |
petiole length 50–60% blade, usually glandular; blade ovate to oblong-ovate or narrowly ovate (ovate on extension shoots), 3–6 cm, base truncate, rounded, or cuneate, lobes 4 or 5 per side, sinuses moderately deep, lobe apex acute to acuminate, margins serrate, teeth 1 mm, veins 5 or 6 per side, apex acute, adaxial surface sparsely to densely scabrous-pubescent young, early glabrescent. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches villous; bracteole frequency not recorded, linear. |
4–10-flowered; branches usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent; bracteoles absent or few, linear. |
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Flowers | 13–17 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or villous at base; sepals 4–5 mm, margins entire, glandular to glandular-serrate, rarely nearly eglandular, apex acute, abaxial pubescence not recorded; stamens 5–10 or 20, anthers usually pink; styles 3–5. |
15–26 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals 3–4 mm, margins subentire or glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens 20, anthers red; styles 3–5. |
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Pomes | crimson, ± ellipsoid, 8–10 mm diam., sometimes ± pruinose; sepals spreading or usually erose, not or obscurely elevated; pyrenes 3–5, dorsally deeply grooved. |
red, ellipsoid to suborbicular, 8–20 mm diam., succulent; sepals ± erose or erect-patent; pyrenes 3–5, dorsally grooved. |
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2n | = 51. |
= 51. |
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Crataegus flabellata |
Crataegus schuettei |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Brush, successional fields, fencelines, woodland edges, open woodlands | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–200 m (0–700 ft) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
CT; MA; ME; NH; NY; VT; NB; NS; ON; QC
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AR; CT; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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Discussion | Crataegus flabellata occurs along the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario, on both sides of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence, to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and to Massachusetts. Reports for Newfoundland have not been substantiated. Crataegus flabellata is distinctive with its leaf blades glossy dark green, ovate to broadly elliptic, cuneate at the base, and with deep acuminate lobes. Specimens with less glandularity or serration of the sepal margins may resemble C. fluviatilis. In spite of the obvious differences in morphology and range, C. flabellata and C. macrosperma often have been combined by floristicians. From C. chrysocarpa, C. flabellata is distinguished by its shinier, ellipsoid, glabrous fruit, by the usually deeper, acuminate lobes of its glossy, dark green leaves, and by longer, slightly more acute sepals. Typically, the inflorescences and hypanthia of eastern C. chrysocarpa are densely hairy, practically tomentose, unlike C. flabellata with its more sparsely hairy pedicels and glabrous distal hypanthia. It is conceivable that, due to morphological intermediacy and the sympatry of all three species within the range of C. flabellata, this species represents the result of ancient hybridization between C. chrysocarpa and C. macrosperma. Crataegus flabellata is usually divided into two varieties: var. flabellata (10 stamens) and var. grayana (20 stamens), the latter being particularly common in southern Quebec. There appears to be little, if any, other constant differentiating feature. Crataegus crudelis, also from Quebec, is a form recognized by long thorns (to 10 cm). The name Crataegus densiflora Sargent, which pertains to C. flabellata, is illegitimate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 4 (4 in the flora). Crataegus schuettei ranges from Wisconsin through the southern Great Lakes to southern New England, to North Carolina. Recent discoveries add the Ozarks and may add Minnesota (see discussion under C. fluviatilis) to the documented range. Variety schuettei closely resembles C. macrosperma, differing principally in its often larger flowers, 20 stamens, usually glandular-serrate sepal margins, and larger fruit but is not nearly so variable as C. macrosperma; the other varieties are very rare. Still, the four varieties are fairly distinct. Crataegus basilica appears to be the southern form of the type variety and is very like sympatric C. macrosperma except for stamen number. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 567. | FNA vol. 9, p. 565. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Tenuifoliae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Tenuifoliae | ||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Mespilus flabellata, C. crudelis, C. flabellata var. densiflora, C. flabellata var. grayana, C. grayana | |||||||||||||
Name authority | (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch: Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten, ser. 2, 1: 240. (1853) | Ashe: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 17: 7. (1901) | ||||||||||||
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