Crataegus flabellata |
Crataegus rubella |
|
---|---|---|
aubépine flabelliforme, fan-leaf hawthorn |
|
|
Habit | Shrubs or trees, 40–50 dm. | Shrubs, 10–40 dm. |
Stems | twigs: new growth reddish at first, usually sparsely pubescent, 1-year old deep chestnut brown, older dull gray; thorns on twigs 1-year old shiny, dark brown, stout to slender, 4–6 cm. |
twigs: new growth reddish green, glabrous, 1-year old dull reddish brown, 2-years old dark gray, older ashy gray; thorns on twigs absent or few to several, straight, 2-years old nearly black, fine, 3 cm. |
Leaves | petiole 1–2 mm wide, length 40–50% blade, glandular; blade glossy, dark green, broadly elliptic to ovate, 4–7 cm, base cuneate to slightly rounded, lobes 4 or 5 per side, sinuses deep, lobe apex acuminate, margins sharply serrate, teeth gland-tipped, veins 5 or 6 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous except along veins, adaxial densely appressed-scabrous young, glabrescent. |
petiole 1 mm wide, length 60% blade, glabrous, glandular; blade ± elliptic or rhombic-elliptic, sometimes ± obtrullate, 2.5–5 cm, thin, base cuneate, lobes 0, or 1 or 2 per side in distal 1/2, sinuses very shallow, lobe apex acute, margins serrate, teeth gland-tipped, especially near base, veins 4 per side, apex acuminate, surfaces glabrous, abaxial veins sparsely hairy young. |
Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches villous; bracteole frequency not recorded, linear. |
3–8-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteole margins short-stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | 13–17 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or villous at base; sepals 4–5 mm, margins entire, glandular to glandular-serrate, rarely nearly eglandular, apex acute, abaxial pubescence not recorded; stamens 5–10 or 20, anthers usually pink; styles 3–5. |
15–18 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals 5 mm, margins glandular-serrate; stamens 10, anthers pale purple; styles 2–4. |
Pomes | crimson, ± ellipsoid, 8–10 mm diam., sometimes ± pruinose; sepals spreading or usually erose, not or obscurely elevated; pyrenes 3–5, dorsally deeply grooved. |
red to orange-red, obovoid or oblong, 10–12 mm diam., glabrous; sepals on collar, ± reflexed; pyrenes 2–4. |
2n | = 51. |
|
Crataegus flabellata |
Crataegus rubella |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | Flowering late Apr–early May; fruiting Sep–Oct. |
Habitat | Brush, successional fields, fencelines, woodland edges, open woodlands | Woods and thickets |
Elevation | 10–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; MA; ME; NH; NY; VT; NB; NS; ON; QC
|
AL; DE; GA; KY; LA; MD; MO; NC; SC; TN; VA |
Discussion | Crataegus flabellata occurs along the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario, on both sides of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence, to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and to Massachusetts. Reports for Newfoundland have not been substantiated. Crataegus flabellata is distinctive with its leaf blades glossy dark green, ovate to broadly elliptic, cuneate at the base, and with deep acuminate lobes. Specimens with less glandularity or serration of the sepal margins may resemble C. fluviatilis. In spite of the obvious differences in morphology and range, C. flabellata and C. macrosperma often have been combined by floristicians. From C. chrysocarpa, C. flabellata is distinguished by its shinier, ellipsoid, glabrous fruit, by the usually deeper, acuminate lobes of its glossy, dark green leaves, and by longer, slightly more acute sepals. Typically, the inflorescences and hypanthia of eastern C. chrysocarpa are densely hairy, practically tomentose, unlike C. flabellata with its more sparsely hairy pedicels and glabrous distal hypanthia. It is conceivable that, due to morphological intermediacy and the sympatry of all three species within the range of C. flabellata, this species represents the result of ancient hybridization between C. chrysocarpa and C. macrosperma. Crataegus flabellata is usually divided into two varieties: var. flabellata (10 stamens) and var. grayana (20 stamens), the latter being particularly common in southern Quebec. There appears to be little, if any, other constant differentiating feature. Crataegus crudelis, also from Quebec, is a form recognized by long thorns (to 10 cm). The name Crataegus densiflora Sargent, which pertains to C. flabellata, is illegitimate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus rubella is wide-ranging and common in the southeastern United States. The species is one of the more distinct taxa of ser. Intricatae, with its somewhat narrow leaves with distinctively shaped lobes. Crataegus straminea, somewhat arbitrarily synonymized here, represents uncommon intermediates with C. communis and shares the broader leaf shape with the latter but has two to three lobes per side of the form of C. rubella. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 567. | FNA vol. 9, p. 589. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Tenuifoliae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Intricatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mespilus flabellata, C. crudelis, C. flabellata var. densiflora, C. flabellata var. grayana, C. grayana | C. apposita, C. intricata var. rubella, C. intricata var. straminea, C. straminea |
Name authority | (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch: Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten, ser. 2, 1: 240. (1853) | Beadle: Bot. Gaz. 30: 344. (1900) |
Web links |