Crataegus flabellata |
Crataegus quaesita |
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aubépine flabelliforme, fan-leaf hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 40–50 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 20–50 dm, branches strongly weeping (moving in slight wind). |
Stems | twigs: new growth reddish at first, usually sparsely pubescent, 1-year old deep chestnut brown, older dull gray; thorns on twigs 1-year old shiny, dark brown, stout to slender, 4–6 cm. |
twigs: new growth ± densely appressed-white-pubescent, 1-year old gray-brown to purple-brown, older gray, ± slender; thorns on twigs usually present, straight, 1–2-years old purple-brown to gray, ± fine, 1–2 cm. |
Leaves | petiole 1–2 mm wide, length 40–50% blade, glandular; blade glossy, dark green, broadly elliptic to ovate, 4–7 cm, base cuneate to slightly rounded, lobes 4 or 5 per side, sinuses deep, lobe apex acuminate, margins sharply serrate, teeth gland-tipped, veins 5 or 6 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous except along veins, adaxial densely appressed-scabrous young, glabrescent. |
petiole length 15–20% blade, densely pubescent, glandular at least young; blade narrowly to broadly cuneate to obtrullate, 1.5–3 cm, ± stiff or ± floppy, base ± cuneate, lobes 1 or 2 per side, subterminal, small, lobe apex acute, on extension shoots often deeply incised, margins entire, sometimes obscurely crenate-serrate apically, gland-dotted young, veins 1–4 per side (narrowly diverging, exiting beyond widest part of leaf), apex acute to subacute, abaxial surface slightly pubescent, glabrescent, veins conspicuously pubescent, adaxial often densely pubescent at first, glabrescent, veins sparsely pubescent. |
Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered; branches villous; bracteole frequency not recorded, linear. |
1–3(or 4)-flowered; branches densely appressed-white-pubescent; bracteoles linear, margins sessile-glandular, adaxially short-pubescent. |
Flowers | 13–17 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or villous at base; sepals 4–5 mm, margins entire, glandular to glandular-serrate, rarely nearly eglandular, apex acute, abaxial pubescence not recorded; stamens 5–10 or 20, anthers usually pink; styles 3–5. |
10–13 mm diam.; hypanthium white-pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 4 mm, margins glandular, abaxially sparsely pubescent; petals elliptic or ± circular; anthers cream; styles 3 or 4. |
Pomes | crimson, ± ellipsoid, 8–10 mm diam., sometimes ± pruinose; sepals spreading or usually erose, not or obscurely elevated; pyrenes 3–5, dorsally deeply grooved. |
usually reddish orange to red, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam., glabrescent to pubescent; sepal remnants none or reflexed; pyrenes 3 or 4(or 5). |
2n | = 51. |
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Crataegus flabellata |
Crataegus quaesita |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Brush, successional fields, fencelines, woodland edges, open woodlands | Scrub on sandy soil |
Elevation | 10–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; MA; ME; NH; NY; VT; NB; NS; ON; QC
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FL; GA |
Discussion | Crataegus flabellata occurs along the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario, on both sides of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence, to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and to Massachusetts. Reports for Newfoundland have not been substantiated. Crataegus flabellata is distinctive with its leaf blades glossy dark green, ovate to broadly elliptic, cuneate at the base, and with deep acuminate lobes. Specimens with less glandularity or serration of the sepal margins may resemble C. fluviatilis. In spite of the obvious differences in morphology and range, C. flabellata and C. macrosperma often have been combined by floristicians. From C. chrysocarpa, C. flabellata is distinguished by its shinier, ellipsoid, glabrous fruit, by the usually deeper, acuminate lobes of its glossy, dark green leaves, and by longer, slightly more acute sepals. Typically, the inflorescences and hypanthia of eastern C. chrysocarpa are densely hairy, practically tomentose, unlike C. flabellata with its more sparsely hairy pedicels and glabrous distal hypanthia. It is conceivable that, due to morphological intermediacy and the sympatry of all three species within the range of C. flabellata, this species represents the result of ancient hybridization between C. chrysocarpa and C. macrosperma. Crataegus flabellata is usually divided into two varieties: var. flabellata (10 stamens) and var. grayana (20 stamens), the latter being particularly common in southern Quebec. There appears to be little, if any, other constant differentiating feature. Crataegus crudelis, also from Quebec, is a form recognized by long thorns (to 10 cm). The name Crataegus densiflora Sargent, which pertains to C. flabellata, is illegitimate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus quaesita is common in north-central Florida. The protologue by Beadle describes the anthers as purple, not seen since. The species is distinguished by narrow, more or less obtrullate leaves with a couple of more or less sharp lobes distally. The C. viaria form, somewhat like a very elongated C. egens, has less sharp lobes. Crataegus laxa, a form with very little terminal lobing, forms a link with the C. vicana form of C. condigna. Crataegus meridiana (subser. Robustae) is another similar form but more robust and with larger flowers. A striking local form, mainly from near Jacksonville, Florida, and from adjacent Georgia, is probably distinct. Its mature leaves, 2–3 cm, are much more sharply lobed and sharp-tipped than in Crataegus quaesita; the leaves at anthesis are unusually small, only 1 cm, because they are very little expanded (in C. quaesita the leaves then are nearly full size). The plant is very thorny, the extension-shoot leaves are 3 cm wide, more or less isodiametric, with deep, narrow sinuses, presenting a C. marshallii-like appearance. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 567. | FNA vol. 9, p. 625. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Tenuifoliae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Lacrimatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mespilus flabellata, C. crudelis, C. flabellata var. densiflora, C. flabellata var. grayana, C. grayana | C. resima, C. viaria |
Name authority | (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch: Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten, ser. 2, 1: 240. (1853) | Beadle: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 33. (1901) |
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