Flora of North America species comparison

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Crataegus flabellata

Crataegus collina

aubépine flabelliforme, fan-leaf hawthorn

hillside hawthorn
Habit Shrubs or trees, 40–50 dm. Shrubs, 60–80 dm.
Stems

twigs: new growth reddish at first, usually sparsely pubescent, 1-year old deep chestnut brown, older dull gray;

thorns on twigs 1-year old shiny, dark brown, stout to slender, 4–6 cm.

twigs: new growth pubescent, 1–2-years old grayish brown, older gray;

thorns on twigs few to numerous, ± straight, 1-year old dark gray, usually ± slender, 2–4 cm.
Leaves

petiole 1–2 mm wide, length 40–50% blade, glandular;

blade glossy, dark green, broadly elliptic to ovate, 4–7 cm, base cuneate to slightly rounded, lobes 4 or 5 per side, sinuses deep, lobe apex acuminate, margins sharply serrate, teeth gland-tipped, veins 5 or 6 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous except along veins, adaxial densely appressed-scabrous young, glabrescent.

petiole 1 cm, length 10–20% blade, unwinged part often short or absent, pubescent, eglandular;

blade rhombic-obovate or broadly elliptic, sometimes ± narrowly obovate, ± obtrullate, or broadly rhombic-elliptic, 3–5(–7.5) cm, 1.4–2.5 times as long as wide, base tapering into petioles, lobes 0, or 1 or 2(or 3) per side, lobe apex acute to subacute, rarely obtuse, margins serrate in distal 3/4, veins 5–7 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, abaxial surface scabrous-pubescent, especially on veins, adaxial scabrous-pubescent young, glabrescent.
Inflorescences

5–10-flowered;

branches villous;

bracteole frequency not recorded, linear.

5–10-flowered;

branches appressed-pubescent;

bracteoles membranous, margins sessile- or short-stipitate-glandular; flowering usually early, often before full leaf expansion.
Flowers

13–17 mm diam.;

hypanthium glabrous or villous at base;

sepals 4–5 mm, margins entire, glandular to glandular-serrate, rarely nearly eglandular, apex acute, abaxial pubescence not recorded;

stamens 5–10 or 20, anthers usually pink;

styles 3–5.

(10–)13–18(–20) mm diam.;

hypanthium glabrous or ± sparsely pubescent;

sepal margins usually glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous;

stamens (5–)20, anthers white, cream, or rose;

styles (3–)5.
Pomes

crimson, ± ellipsoid, 8–10 mm diam., sometimes ± pruinose;

sepals spreading or usually erose, not or obscurely elevated;

pyrenes 3–5, dorsally deeply grooved.

orange or ruddy to deep red, orbicular, 8–14 mm diam., punctate, usually glabrous;

sepals patent-reflexed;

pyrenes (3–)5.
2n

= 51.

= 34, 51, 68.

Crataegus flabellata

Crataegus collina
Phenology Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct.
Habitat Brush, successional fields, fencelines, woodland edges, open woodlands
Elevation 10–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; MA; ME; NH; NY; VT; NB; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; AR; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Crataegus flabellata occurs along the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario, on both sides of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence, to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and to Massachusetts. Reports for Newfoundland have not been substantiated.

Crataegus flabellata is distinctive with its leaf blades glossy dark green, ovate to broadly elliptic, cuneate at the base, and with deep acuminate lobes. Specimens with less glandularity or serration of the sepal margins may resemble C. fluviatilis. In spite of the obvious differences in morphology and range, C. flabellata and C. macrosperma often have been combined by floristicians. From C. chrysocarpa, C. flabellata is distinguished by its shinier, ellipsoid, glabrous fruit, by the usually deeper, acuminate lobes of its glossy, dark green leaves, and by longer, slightly more acute sepals. Typically, the inflorescences and hypanthia of eastern C. chrysocarpa are densely hairy, practically tomentose, unlike C. flabellata with its more sparsely hairy pedicels and glabrous distal hypanthia. It is conceivable that, due to morphological intermediacy and the sympatry of all three species within the range of C. flabellata, this species represents the result of ancient hybridization between C. chrysocarpa and C. macrosperma.

Crataegus flabellata is usually divided into two varieties: var. flabellata (10 stamens) and var. grayana (20 stamens), the latter being particularly common in southern Quebec. There appears to be little, if any, other constant differentiating feature. Crataegus crudelis, also from Quebec, is a form recognized by long thorns (to 10 cm).

The name Crataegus densiflora Sargent, which pertains to C. flabellata, is illegitimate.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 5 (5 in the flora).

Crataegus collina is found from Oklahoma and Kansas to the Atlantic. It is absent from middle and higher elevations in the Appalachians, where it is replaced by C. punctata.

Crataegus collina is similar to its almost allopatric counterpart C. punctata, differing in its less tabulate growth habit, leaves on extension shoots not deeply incised, fewer-flowered inflorescences, fewer (5–7 vs. 7–10) and less impressed veins, often wider leaf shape (especially in var. hirtiflora), somewhat darker twig color, sepal margins more or less glandular-serrate, and sometimes different stamen number. Crataegus collina is one of the first hawthorns to flower in its area of distribution, unlike C. punctata, which is late mid season. Crataegus ×disperma (see Interserial Hybrids) is somewhat similar to C. collina; it is allopatric and usually has more lateral leaf veins and fewer pyrenes. Crataegus collina is apparently intolerant of drought and is often leafless by late August in dry summers.

Crataegus collina is variable and has been divided into varieties. The varieties have been worked out in Missouri but not systematically recorded elsewhere; the varietal distributions provided here may be incomplete. Three putative hybrids between C. collina or C. punctata (C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, and C. ×incaedua) are included in the following key.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Styles and pyrenes 2 or 3; stamens 10–15; leaves: adaxial surfaces sparsely hairy or subglabrous young
→ 2
1. Styles and pyrenes (3–)5; stamens (5–)15–20; leaves: adaxial surfaces short-pubescent, puberulent, or pubescent young (except var. sordida and C. ×collicola)
→ 3
2. Inflorescence branches glabrous; anthers pink or red-purple.
C. ×disperma
2. Inflorescence branches puberulent; anthers cream.
C. ×incaedua
3. Leaf blades 2/3 to nearly full grown at anthesis, length/width = 1.3, lobes, if present, usually obtuse
→ 4
3. Leaf blades usually 1/3–1/2 full grown at anthesis, length/width = 1.4–2.25+, lobes, if present, usually acute
→ 5
4. Stamens 15–20; leaf blades 3–5 cm, lobes 0 or obscure.
var. hirtiflora
4. Stamens 5–15(–20); leaf blades 5–7.5 cm, lobes 1 or 2 per side.
var. lettermanii
5. Anthers white or cream
→ 6
5. Anthers rose
→ 7
6. Leaf blades at anthesis: length/width = 1.4–1.7; flowers 14–18 mm diam.
var. collina
6. Leaf blades at anthesis: length/width = 1.75–2.25; flowers 10–12 mm diam
var. succincta
7. Leaf blades at anthesis: length/width = 1.75–2.25.
var. succincta
7. Leaf blades at anthesis: length/width = 1.4–1.5
→ 8
8. Leaf margins serrate distally, teeth 1.5 mm.
var. sordida
8. Leaf margins serrulate, teeth 0.5–0.7 mm.
C. ×collicola
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 567. FNA vol. 9, p. 543.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Tenuifoliae Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Punctatae
Sibling taxa
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
Subordinate taxa
C. collina var. collina, C. collina var. hirtiflora, C. collina var. lettermanii, C. collina var. sordida, C. collina var. succincta, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×incaedua
Synonyms Mespilus flabellata, C. crudelis, C. flabellata var. densiflora, C. flabellata var. grayana, C. grayana
Name authority (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch: Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten, ser. 2, 1: 240. (1853) Chapman: Fl. S.E. U.S. ed. 2 repr. 2, 684. (1892)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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