Crataegus douglasii |
Crataegus texana |
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black hawthorn, Douglas' hawthorn |
Texas hawthorn, Texas red haw |
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Habit | Shrubs, 40–80 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 100 dm. | ||||
Stems | 1-year old twigs deep tan to dark mahogany, ± shiny young, older gray to dark gray, often showing brown or alternatively tan-brown eastward; thorns on twigs straight or slightly recurved, deep brown young, (1.5–)2–3.5 cm. |
older trunk bark nearly black, grooved, younger gray, fibrous, checked into longitudinal plates; twigs: new growth lanate, 1-year old pale grayish tan, older gray; thorns on twigs absent or frequent, straight, 2-years old ± bright chestnut brown or shiny black, fine, 4–5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 0.7–1.5 cm, pubescent young, slightly glandular; blade usually elliptic to broadly elliptic or subrhombic (elliptic-obovate when lobes very small), 4–7 cm, lobes 2–4 per side, sinuses shallow, LII 10–20%, lobe apex subobtuse to acute, margins coarsely, sharply serrate, teeth small, gland-tipped young, venation craspedodromous, veins 4 or 5 per side, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface usually glabrous except on veins, adaxial densely short-appressed-pubescent. |
petiole length 37–43% blade, tomentose young, glabrescent, eglandular; blade broadly elliptic, narrowly rhombic, rhombic, rhombic-ovate, or broadly ovate, 4–7 cm, thin, base broadly cuneate to rounded, lobes 1–4 per side, sinuses shallow to deep, lobe apex obtuse to subacute, margins strongly serrate except proximally, teeth 2–3 mm, veins 5 per side, apex acute to subacute or obtuse, abaxial surface sparsely to densely white-tomentose young, less dense mature, veins densely hairy, adaxial densely scabrous young, glabrescent. |
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Inflorescences | 10–25-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteole margins stipitate- or sessile-glandular. |
7–12-flowered; branches tomentose, sometimes glabrescent; bracteoles caducous, ± linear, (larger) herbaceous to (smaller) membranous, margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 10–15 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals broadly triangular, 3–4 mm, margins sparsely glandular, adaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers pink; styles 3 or 4. |
14–22 mm diam.; hypanthium tomentose; sepals narrowly triangular, 4–6 mm, margins glandular-serrate to glandular-laciniate, abaxially densely pubescent; stamens 20, anthers rose, rose-purple, red, or purple; styles 4 or 5. |
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Pomes | vinous and usually waxy glaucous young, dull black mature, usually ellipsoid, 6–8 mm diam., glabrous; sepal remnants reflexed, apex obtuse; pyrenes 3 or 4, sides excavated, sometimes only shallowly. |
red, sometimes red-orange, suborbicular, 9–14(–25) mm diam., with remnant tomentum; sepals often eroded or broken, spreading; pyrenes 4 or 5. |
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2n | = 68. |
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Crataegus douglasii |
Crataegus texana |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Brush, old fields, fencerows, woodland edges | |||||
Elevation | 50–1600 m (200–5200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; MI; MN; MT; OR; WA; WI; AB; BC; ON; SK
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AR; MO; OK; TX |
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Discussion | Crataegus douglasii occurs from southern and western British Columbia to the panhandle of Alaska and ranges to northern California and the Rocky Mountains of Idaho, Montana, and southwestern Alberta. Disjunct populations occur farther east in the Cypress Hills (Alberta and Saskatchewan), the Montana montane islands, and around the northern Great Lakes. In western North America, C. douglasii is found mainly near water in drier areas; in more mesic regions, it may occur in open woodlands. In the Great Lakes area, it mainly occurs in old pastures and on fencerows. Crataegus douglasii is distinguished from C. gaylussacia by having ten stamens and is rather variable in leaf shape and size. The species is distinguished from C. okennonii by the latter usually being taller and typically more erect as well as having a usually straight, single trunk, shorter thorns, ampulliform-orbicular fruit, and often purplish crimson fall foliage. Crataegus castlegarensis is the most similar species, and beyond possessing relatively few to many multiple thorns, it is distinguished from C. douglasii by its hairy hypanthia, pedicels, and, often, fruit, which is orbicular, plump, crimson to purple in late August, ripening to deep purple (sometimes black) at a time when sympatric C. douglasii is fully black. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Crataegus texana is distributed through much of the eastern half of Texas and into Oklahoma, Arkansas, and southwestern Missouri. Crataegus texana is provisionally treated as a complex of pink- to purple-anthered, 20-stamened, red-fruited forms. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 512. | FNA vol. 9, p. 554. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Douglasianae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Molles | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | C. columbiana, C. tennowana | C. mollis var. texana | ||||
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 21: plate 1810. (1835) | Buckley: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 454. (1862) | ||||
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