Crataegus douglasii |
Crataegus lumaria |
|
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black hawthorn, Douglas' hawthorn |
roundleaf hawthorn, thorny hawthorn |
|
Habit | Shrubs, 40–80 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 50 dm. |
Stems | 1-year old twigs deep tan to dark mahogany, ± shiny young, older gray to dark gray, often showing brown or alternatively tan-brown eastward; thorns on twigs straight or slightly recurved, deep brown young, (1.5–)2–3.5 cm. |
twigs: new growth often ± reddish young, glabrous, 1-year old gray-brown, older dull gray; thorns on twigs ± recurved, 1-year old shiny, dark brown or black, older gray, slender, 2.5–7 cm. |
Leaves | petiole 0.7–1.5 cm, pubescent young, slightly glandular; blade usually elliptic to broadly elliptic or subrhombic (elliptic-obovate when lobes very small), 4–7 cm, lobes 2–4 per side, sinuses shallow, LII 10–20%, lobe apex subobtuse to acute, margins coarsely, sharply serrate, teeth small, gland-tipped young, venation craspedodromous, veins 4 or 5 per side, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface usually glabrous except on veins, adaxial densely short-appressed-pubescent. |
petiole length 40–60% blade, glabrous, sparsely to densely minutely glandular; blade green, broadly rhombic to rhombic-ovate, or narrowly ovate to broadly elliptic, 2–4(–5) cm, thin, base rounded to cuneate, lobes 3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow, lobe apex acute, margins serrate, veins 4–6 per side, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial glabrate young, soon glabrescent. |
Inflorescences | 10–25-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteole margins stipitate- or sessile-glandular. |
6–15-flowered; branches pilose; bracteoles usually hyaline, linear, membranous, margins of proximal bracteoles usually stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | 10–15 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals broadly triangular, 3–4 mm, margins sparsely glandular, adaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers pink; styles 3 or 4. |
13–18 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals narrowly triangular, 5 mm, margins entire, glandular; stamens 10, anthers ivory; styles 2 or 3. |
Pomes | vinous and usually waxy glaucous young, dull black mature, usually ellipsoid, 6–8 mm diam., glabrous; sepal remnants reflexed, apex obtuse; pyrenes 3 or 4, sides excavated, sometimes only shallowly. |
yellowish, dull orange, or reddish, suborbicular, 7–12 mm diam., glabrous; sepals reflexed; pyrenes 2 or 3. |
2n | = 68. |
= 68. |
Crataegus douglasii |
Crataegus lumaria |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | Flowering May; fruiting Sep–Oct. |
Habitat | Brush, old fields, fencerows, woodland edges | Brush, fallow pastures |
Elevation | 50–1600 m (200–5200 ft) | 30–300 m (100–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; MI; MN; MT; OR; WA; WI; AB; BC; ON; SK
|
MI; NY; WI; ON; QC |
Discussion | Crataegus douglasii occurs from southern and western British Columbia to the panhandle of Alaska and ranges to northern California and the Rocky Mountains of Idaho, Montana, and southwestern Alberta. Disjunct populations occur farther east in the Cypress Hills (Alberta and Saskatchewan), the Montana montane islands, and around the northern Great Lakes. In western North America, C. douglasii is found mainly near water in drier areas; in more mesic regions, it may occur in open woodlands. In the Great Lakes area, it mainly occurs in old pastures and on fencerows. Crataegus douglasii is distinguished from C. gaylussacia by having ten stamens and is rather variable in leaf shape and size. The species is distinguished from C. okennonii by the latter usually being taller and typically more erect as well as having a usually straight, single trunk, shorter thorns, ampulliform-orbicular fruit, and often purplish crimson fall foliage. Crataegus castlegarensis is the most similar species, and beyond possessing relatively few to many multiple thorns, it is distinguished from C. douglasii by its hairy hypanthia, pedicels, and, often, fruit, which is orbicular, plump, crimson to purple in late August, ripening to deep purple (sometimes black) at a time when sympatric C. douglasii is fully black. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus lumaria is sporadic through much of its range; it is locally common in southern Ontario. Crataegus lumaria is much like a hairy-inflorescence form of C. dodgei. The disjunct C. jackii is a form with particularly hairy, suborbiculate leaves and larger flowers (to 20 mm). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 512. | FNA vol. 9, p. 604. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Douglasianae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Rotundifoliae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. columbiana, C. tennowana | C. dodgei var. lumaria, C. jackii |
Name authority | Lindley: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 21: plate 1810. (1835) | Ashe: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 19: 25. (1903) |
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