Flora of North America species comparison

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Crataegus coccinea

Rosaceae subfam. amygdaloideae

scarlet hawthorn
Habit Shrubs or trees, 70–80(–120) dm. Shrubs or trees, sometimes subshrubs or herbs.
Stems

twigs: new growth greenish, glabrous or slightly hairy;

thorns on twigs straight to recurved, ± stout, 2–4 cm.

Leaves

petiole length 30–40% blade, glabrate to densely hairy, glandular or eglandular;

blade ovate or broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, (4–)5–8 cm, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate, rarely slightly cordate, lobe apex acute, margins serrate, sometimes doubly serrate, teeth 2 mm, adaxial surface usually densely scabrous young.

alternate, sometimes opposite, simple, sometimes pinnately compound;

stipules present or absent.
Inflorescences

branches sparsely to densely pubescent.

Flowers

hypanthium glabrous or densely pubescent;

stamens (5–)8–10(–20), anthers pink to rose-purple.

torus absent or minute;

carpels 1–5(–8), distinct or +/- connate (Maleae), free or +/- adnate to hypanthium (many Maleae), styles distinct or +/- connate (some Maleae);

ovules (1 or)2(–5+), collateral, clustered, or biseriate.
Fruits

follicles aggregated or not, capsules, drupes aggregated or not, aggregated drupelets, pomes, or aggregated nutlets, rarely achenes or aggregated achenes;

styles persistent or deciduous, not elongate (elongate in Gillenieae).
Pomes

usually bright red, suborbicular to oblong, 10–14 mm, often sparsely pubescent (especially at ends);

sepals spreading or missing.

x

= 8, 9, 15, 17.

Crataegus coccinea

Rosaceae subfam. amygdaloideae
Distribution
from FNA
CT; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC [Introduced in Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
HI; North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands (Madeira); Australia
Discussion

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

Crataegus coccinea is found from extreme southeastern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Illinois through the southern Great Lakes area to coastal Maine, and in the Appalachians at higher altitudes to North Carolina; it is common in the north of its range.

Crataegus coccinea varies in leaf shape and planeness and in fruit shape. In some areas, more or less pure populations of the different variants occur. It is easiest to group the variation around two relatively strongly marked varieties with ten or fewer stamens, vars. coccinea and pringlei, between which intermediates are common, and the 20-stamen var. fulleriana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cyanogenic glycosides are usually present in Amygdaloideae; sorbitol is present.

The name Amygdaloideae Arnott (1832) has priority over Spiraeoideae Arnott (1832), used by D. Potter et al. (2007), because Amygdalaceae (1820) is an earlier conserved name.

Tribes 9, genera 55, species ca. 1300 (9 tribes, 38 genera, 361 species, including 20 hybrids, in the flora)

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Leaf blades (elongate), ovate (length/width = 1.4–1.5), 5–8 cm (widest in proximal 1/3), plane, lobe sinuses deep, bases broadly cuneate to truncate, rarely slightly cordate; pomes usually suborbicular.
var. coccinea
1. Leaf blades broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate (length/width = 1.2), 4–7 cm, plane or concavo-convex, lobe sinuses often shallow, bases rounded to broadly cuneate; pomes usually oblong or suborbicular
→ 2
2. Stamens 8–10; leaf blades conspicuously concavo-convex; pomes usually oblong.
var. pringlei
2. Stamens 20; leaf blades usually plane, rarely concavo-convex; pomes usually suborbicular.
var. fulleriana
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 559. FNA vol. 9, p. 345. Author: Luc Brouillet.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Coccineae Rosaceae
Sibling taxa
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae
Subordinate taxa
C. coccinea var. coccinea, C. coccinea var. fulleriana, C. coccinea var. pringlei
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 476. (1753) Arnott: Botany, 107. (1832)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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