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scarlet hawthorn
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| Shrubs or trees, 70–80(–120) dm. |
Shrubs or trees, 30–60 dm, branches ± weeping. |
twigs: new growth greenish, glabrous or slightly hairy; thorns on twigs straight to recurved, ± stout, 2–4 cm. |
twigs: new growth sparsely to densely spreading-pubescent, 1-year old tawny to reddish brown, 2-years old dark gray; thorns on twigs usually numerous, straight to slightly decurved, 2-years old shiny blackish gray, ± fine to ± stout, 2–4.5 cm. |
petiole length 30–40% blade, glabrate to densely hairy, glandular or eglandular; blade ovate or broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, (4–)5–8 cm, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate, rarely slightly cordate, lobe apex acute, margins serrate, sometimes doubly serrate, teeth 2 mm, adaxial surface usually densely scabrous young. |
petiole length 25–33% blade, ± pilose young, glandular; blade dark green mature adaxially, narrowly obovate to obovate, 2–4.5 cm, thin, slightly coriaceous, base abruptly tapered, lobes 0, or 1 or 2 per side distally, obscure, lobe apex obtuse to subacute, margins ± coarsely glandular-serrate, veins (1 or)2–4 per side, apex often ± cuspidate, adaxially shiny mature, surfaces glabrous, veins sparsely pubescent; on extension shoots broadly elliptic to ± orbiculate, larger, often slightly incised, strongly serrate. |
branches sparsely to densely pubescent. |
3–6-flowered; branches sparsely to moderately pilose; bracteoles caducous, linear, margins glandular. |
hypanthium glabrous or densely pubescent; stamens (5–)8–10(–20), anthers pink to rose-purple. |
15–18(–25) mm diam.; hypanthium sparsely pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 4–5 mm, margins glandular-serrate, adaxially sparsely hirsute; anthers pale yellow; styles 3(–5). |
usually bright red, suborbicular to oblong, 10–14 mm, often sparsely pubescent (especially at ends); sepals spreading or missing. |
orange-red to red, suborbicular, 8–15 mm diam., glabrous; sepals spreading, 7 mm; pyrenes 3(–5). |
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Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Aug–Sep. |
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Brush on sand plains |
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0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
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CT; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC [Introduced in Europe]
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC |
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). Crataegus coccinea is found from extreme southeastern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Illinois through the southern Great Lakes area to coastal Maine, and in the Appalachians at higher altitudes to North Carolina; it is common in the north of its range. Crataegus coccinea varies in leaf shape and planeness and in fruit shape. In some areas, more or less pure populations of the different variants occur. It is easiest to group the variation around two relatively strongly marked varieties with ten or fewer stamens, vars. coccinea and pringlei, between which intermediates are common, and the 20-stamen var. fulleriana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus florens occurs mainly from central Mississippi to the Carolinas and extreme northern Florida; it is common in central Alabama and is disjunct in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana. The species may occur in more mesic habitats than other members of ser. Lacrimatae. The type form of Crataegus florens has the smallest, least strongly serrate leaves, veins 2 or 3 per side, and largest flowers, but the circumscription is here expanded to include forms of smaller flower dimensions and with larger, more strongly serrate leaves, including those with 3 or 4 veins per side. As such, C. florens is a fairly common and striking plant with its glossy, deep green leaves, thus superficially resembling members of ser. Crus-galli except for the strongly flexuous twigs. Except for its type form, which is uncommon, it flowers before most other sympatric members of ser. Lacrimatae. Differences from C. attrita, to which it is most similar, and C. teres are given in the key and discussed under those species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
1. Leaf blades (elongate), ovate (length/width = 1.4–1.5), 5–8 cm (widest in proximal 1/3), plane, lobe sinuses deep, bases broadly cuneate to truncate, rarely slightly cordate; pomes usually suborbicular. | var. coccinea |
1. Leaf blades broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate (length/width = 1.2), 4–7 cm, plane or concavo-convex, lobe sinuses often shallow, bases rounded to broadly cuneate; pomes usually oblong or suborbicular | → 2 |
2. Stamens 8–10; leaf blades conspicuously concavo-convex; pomes usually oblong. | var. pringlei |
2. Stamens 20; leaf blades usually plane, rarely concavo-convex; pomes usually suborbicular. | var. fulleriana |
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| FNA vol. 9, p. 559. |
FNA vol. 9, p. 628. |
| Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Coccineae |
Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Lacrimatae |
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. florens, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae |
C. aemula, C. aestivalis, C. alabamensis, C. alleghaniensis, C. annosa, C. aprica, C. aquacervensis, C. ashei, C. atrovirens, C. attrita, C. austromontana, C. beata, C. berberifolia, C. biltmoreana, C. brachyacantha, C. brainerdii, C. brazoria, C. brittonii, C. buckleyi, C. calpodendron, C. castlegarensis, C. chrysocarpa, C. coccinea, C. coccinioides, C. cognata, C. collina, C. colonica, C. communis, C. compacta, C. condigna, C. craytonii, C. crocea, C. crus-galli, C. cupressocollina, C. delawarensis, C. dispar, C. dodgei, C. douglasii, C. egens, C. egregia, C. enderbyensis, C. erythropoda, C. exilis, C. eximia, C. extraria, C. fecunda, C. flabellata, C. flava, C. floridana, C. florifera, C. fluviatilis, C. formosa, C. frugiferens, C. furtiva, C. gattingeri, C. gaylussacia, C. gilva, C. greggiana, C. harbisonii, C. holmesiana, C. ignava, C. incilis, C. integra, C. intricata, C. invicta, C. iracunda, C. irrasa, C. jesupii, C. jonesiae, C. lacrimata, C. laevigata, C. lanata, C. lancei, C. lanuginosa, C. lassa, C. laurentiana, C. leonensis, C. lepida, C. levis, C. lumaria, C. macracantha, C. macrosperma, C. magniflora, C. margarettae, C. marshallii, C. mendosa, C. meridiana, C. mira, C. mollis, C. monogyna, C. munda, C. nananixonii, C. neobushii, C. nitida, C. oakesiana, C. okanaganensis, C. okennonii, C. opaca, C. opima, C. orbicularis, C. ouachitensis, C. padifolia, C. pennsylvanica, C. persimilis, C. pexa, C. phaenopyrum, C. phippsii, C. pinetorum, C. populnea, C. prona, C. pruinosa, C. pulcherrima, C. punctata, C. purpurella, C. quaesita, C. reverchonii, C. rivularis, C. rivuloadamensis, C. rivulopugnensis, C. roribacca, C. rubella, C. rubribracteolata, C. saligna, C. sargentii, C. scabrida, C. schizophylla, C. schuettei, C. segnis, C. senta, C. sheila-phippsiae, C. sheridana, C. shuswapensis, C. sororia, C. spathulata, C. spes-aestatum, C. stolonifera, C. stonei, C. submollis, C. suborbiculata, C. succulenta, C. tecta, C. teres, C. texana, C. tracyi, C. triflora, C. turnerorum, C. uniflora, C. ursopedensis, C. venusta, C. viridis, C. visenda, C. wattiana, C. williamsii, C. wootoniana, C. ×atrorubens, C. ×bicknellii, C. ×coleae, C. ×collicola, C. ×disperma, C. ×dispessa, C. ×fretalis, C. ×incaedua, C. ×kelloggii, C. ×latebrosa, C. ×lucorum, C. ×rufula, C. ×sicca, C. ×vailiae |
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C. alabamensis var. florens |
| Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 476. (1753) |
Beadle: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 94. (1902) |
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