Crataegus coccinea |
Crataegus douglasii |
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scarlet hawthorn |
black hawthorn, Douglas' hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 70–80(–120) dm. | Shrubs, 40–80 dm. | ||||||||
Stems | twigs: new growth greenish, glabrous or slightly hairy; thorns on twigs straight to recurved, ± stout, 2–4 cm. |
1-year old twigs deep tan to dark mahogany, ± shiny young, older gray to dark gray, often showing brown or alternatively tan-brown eastward; thorns on twigs straight or slightly recurved, deep brown young, (1.5–)2–3.5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 30–40% blade, glabrate to densely hairy, glandular or eglandular; blade ovate or broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, (4–)5–8 cm, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate, rarely slightly cordate, lobe apex acute, margins serrate, sometimes doubly serrate, teeth 2 mm, adaxial surface usually densely scabrous young. |
petiole 0.7–1.5 cm, pubescent young, slightly glandular; blade usually elliptic to broadly elliptic or subrhombic (elliptic-obovate when lobes very small), 4–7 cm, lobes 2–4 per side, sinuses shallow, LII 10–20%, lobe apex subobtuse to acute, margins coarsely, sharply serrate, teeth small, gland-tipped young, venation craspedodromous, veins 4 or 5 per side, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface usually glabrous except on veins, adaxial densely short-appressed-pubescent. |
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Inflorescences | branches sparsely to densely pubescent. |
10–25-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteole margins stipitate- or sessile-glandular. |
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Flowers | hypanthium glabrous or densely pubescent; stamens (5–)8–10(–20), anthers pink to rose-purple. |
10–15 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals broadly triangular, 3–4 mm, margins sparsely glandular, adaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers pink; styles 3 or 4. |
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Pomes | usually bright red, suborbicular to oblong, 10–14 mm, often sparsely pubescent (especially at ends); sepals spreading or missing. |
vinous and usually waxy glaucous young, dull black mature, usually ellipsoid, 6–8 mm diam., glabrous; sepal remnants reflexed, apex obtuse; pyrenes 3 or 4, sides excavated, sometimes only shallowly. |
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2n | = 68. |
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Crataegus coccinea |
Crataegus douglasii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||
Habitat | Brush, old fields, fencerows, woodland edges | |||||||||
Elevation | 50–1600 m (200–5200 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CT; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC [Introduced in Europe]
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AK; CA; ID; MI; MN; MT; OR; WA; WI; AB; BC; ON; SK
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). Crataegus coccinea is found from extreme southeastern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Illinois through the southern Great Lakes area to coastal Maine, and in the Appalachians at higher altitudes to North Carolina; it is common in the north of its range. Crataegus coccinea varies in leaf shape and planeness and in fruit shape. In some areas, more or less pure populations of the different variants occur. It is easiest to group the variation around two relatively strongly marked varieties with ten or fewer stamens, vars. coccinea and pringlei, between which intermediates are common, and the 20-stamen var. fulleriana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus douglasii occurs from southern and western British Columbia to the panhandle of Alaska and ranges to northern California and the Rocky Mountains of Idaho, Montana, and southwestern Alberta. Disjunct populations occur farther east in the Cypress Hills (Alberta and Saskatchewan), the Montana montane islands, and around the northern Great Lakes. In western North America, C. douglasii is found mainly near water in drier areas; in more mesic regions, it may occur in open woodlands. In the Great Lakes area, it mainly occurs in old pastures and on fencerows. Crataegus douglasii is distinguished from C. gaylussacia by having ten stamens and is rather variable in leaf shape and size. The species is distinguished from C. okennonii by the latter usually being taller and typically more erect as well as having a usually straight, single trunk, shorter thorns, ampulliform-orbicular fruit, and often purplish crimson fall foliage. Crataegus castlegarensis is the most similar species, and beyond possessing relatively few to many multiple thorns, it is distinguished from C. douglasii by its hairy hypanthia, pedicels, and, often, fruit, which is orbicular, plump, crimson to purple in late August, ripening to deep purple (sometimes black) at a time when sympatric C. douglasii is fully black. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 559. | FNA vol. 9, p. 512. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Coccineae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Douglasianae | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | C. columbiana, C. tennowana | |||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 476. (1753) | Lindley: Edwards's Bot. Reg. 21: plate 1810. (1835) | ||||||||
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