Crataegus chrysocarpa |
Crataegus williamsii |
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aubépine dorée, Columbia hawthorn, fireberry hawthorn, goldenberry hawthorn, Piper's hawthorn |
Williams' hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs, 20–35 dm, sometimes clonal. | Shrubs, 40–60(–100) dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | twigs: new growth usually appressed-pubescent, 1-year old usually dull yellowish to greenish brown or gray-brown to light or dark tan; thorns on twigs variable, straight to slightly recurved, 1-year old shiny, dark mahogany or black, ± slender to ± stout, 3–6 cm. |
expanding bud-scales conspicuous, coral red; twigs: new growth glabrous, 1-year old deep reddish brown; thorns on twigs ± straight to slightly recurved, black, sometimes dark purple young, older paler, shiny, ± slender, 3–4 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50% blade, usually narrowly winged distally, pubescent, glandular young, often persisting; blade yellow or purplish in very dry spots (fall), ± rhombic to rhombic-ovate, rhombic-obovate, or ovate to broadly elliptic, on extension shoots similar, larger, 2–5(–7.5) cm, thin to chartaceous, base ± cuneate, sometimes rounded to broadly ovate (at early anthesis not strikingly flabellate), lobes 2–4(–6) per side, sinuses moderately deep, lobe apex acute to subacute, margins serrate, teeth glands caducous, numerous, small, veins 3–5(–7) per side, apex acute or subacute, abaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pilose-glabrescent, or villous, veins usually pubescent, adaxial appressed-scabrous, glabrescent or short-appressed-pubescent. |
petiole 2–3 cm, ± hairy, eglandular or glandular; blade rhombic to elliptic, 4–6 cm, thin, base cuneate, lobes 2 or 3 per side, short, lobe apex acute, margins ± evenly sharp-serrate except at base, teeth ± inconspicuously gland-tipped, veins 4 or 5(or 6) per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous, veins hairy, adaxial shortly and densely appressed-hairy. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered, compact; branches sparsely to densely villous, rarely glabrous; bracteoles usually hyaline, linear, membranous, margins sessile- or short-stipitate-glandular. |
8–20-flowered; branches sparsely villous; bracteole margins sessile-glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–20 mm diam.; hypanthium usually villous, sometimes glabrous; sepals triangular, 4 mm, margins glandular-serrate, apex subacute to obtuse, abaxially pubescent; stamens (5–)10(or 20), anthers cream or ivory, sometimes pink; styles 3 or 4(or 5). |
16 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or densely villous externally; sepals ± narrowly triangular, 4–7 mm, margins finely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers pink; styles 3 or 4(or 5). |
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Pomes | scarlet to deep red, only darkened to burgundy if dried and shriveled (except in var. vernonensis), usually suborbicular to broadly ellipsoid or oblong, 8–10(–12) mm diam., pubescent or glabrous; sepal remnants present, spreading to reflexed, not or rarely obscurely elevated; pyrenes 3 or 4(or 5). |
usually pale red young, bright red (late Aug), deepening to oxblood red or darker mature (Sep), usually short-ellipsoid, 8 mm diam., longer than wide, sparsely villous; sepals not thickened or enlarged, spreading to reflexed, narrow, 4–7 mm; pyrenes 3 or 4(or 5), sides variably pitted. |
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2n | = 68. |
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Crataegus chrysocarpa |
Crataegus williamsii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Scrub | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 700–1000 m (2300–3300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NY; OR; RI; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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MT |
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Crataegus chrysocarpa is one of the most wide-ranging North American species of the genus, occurring from inland of the Cascades and Coastal Ranges of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia to the Atlantic from Newfoundland to New England; it is correspondingly variable. Ashe’s type from the Rocky Mountain foothills in northern Colorado is from the south of the range. East of the Rocky Mountains, C. chrysocarpa is the most northerly and cold-adapted species of hawthorn in North America and nearly reaches Hudson Bay in Ontario. Rare northeastern forms are arborescent (to 70 dm). Variety chrysocarpa is by far the most common form through most of the species range; numerous well-marked to only slightly different forms, many accepted here at varietal level, occur in different parts of the range. The main regional variant is var. piperi, a well-marked intermontane form. One to two year old twigs of var. chrysocarpa are much darker in the east (reddish tan or darker) than in the west (light tan to gray-brown). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus williamsii occurs in the Clark Fork and Flathead drainage basins of northwestern Montana; possible records for Idaho require more study. The species is notable for its extremely late anthesis, after sympatric C. macracantha; it is the last hawthorn to flower in its area of occurrence. The immature fruit is bright red, in contrast to its later duller color. The fall color of the foliage is predominantly crimson burgundy or a pallid version thereof. Crataegus williamsii is the most distinct member of ser. Purpureofructus because of its relatively small and delicate, spreading to reflexed fruiting sepals (versus accrescent, long, erect-patent) and its lack of purple to black colored, fully mature fruit. See also comments under 26. C. macracantha. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 597. | FNA vol. 9, p. 504. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Rotundifoliae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Purpureofructus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | C. columbiana var. chrysocarpa, C. rotundifolia var. chrysocarpa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Ashe: Bull. North Carolina Agric. Exp. Sta. 175: 110. (1900) | Eggleston: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 641. (1909) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |