Crataegus chrysocarpa |
Crataegus egregia |
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aubépine dorée, Columbia hawthorn, fireberry hawthorn, goldenberry hawthorn, Piper's hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs, 20–35 dm, sometimes clonal. | Trees, 40–60 dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | twigs: new growth usually appressed-pubescent, 1-year old usually dull yellowish to greenish brown or gray-brown to light or dark tan; thorns on twigs variable, straight to slightly recurved, 1-year old shiny, dark mahogany or black, ± slender to ± stout, 3–6 cm. |
trunk bark dark, very rough; twigs ± flexuous, new growth pubescent, 1-year old brown, older grayish; thorns on twigs absent or several, straight, 1–2-years old dark, slender, 3–4 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50% blade, usually narrowly winged distally, pubescent, glandular young, often persisting; blade yellow or purplish in very dry spots (fall), ± rhombic to rhombic-ovate, rhombic-obovate, or ovate to broadly elliptic, on extension shoots similar, larger, 2–5(–7.5) cm, thin to chartaceous, base ± cuneate, sometimes rounded to broadly ovate (at early anthesis not strikingly flabellate), lobes 2–4(–6) per side, sinuses moderately deep, lobe apex acute to subacute, margins serrate, teeth glands caducous, numerous, small, veins 3–5(–7) per side, apex acute or subacute, abaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pilose-glabrescent, or villous, veins usually pubescent, adaxial appressed-scabrous, glabrescent or short-appressed-pubescent. |
petiole slender, length 30–50% blade, pubescent, very sessile-glandular; blade rhombic, 1.5–2.5 cm anthesis, 2–3 cm mature, thin, base cuneate, lobes 1(or 2) per side, sinuses moderately deep, well defined, lobe apex acute to ± obtuse, margins shallowly crenate, teeth gland-tipped, veins 3 per side, apex acute to subacute, abaxial surface glabrate, adaxial sparsely hairy young, glabrescent. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered, compact; branches sparsely to densely villous, rarely glabrous; bracteoles usually hyaline, linear, membranous, margins sessile- or short-stipitate-glandular. |
3-flowered; branches hairy; bracteoles caducous, greenish, narrowly oblong, margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 15–20 mm diam.; hypanthium usually villous, sometimes glabrous; sepals triangular, 4 mm, margins glandular-serrate, apex subacute to obtuse, abaxially pubescent; stamens (5–)10(or 20), anthers cream or ivory, sometimes pink; styles 3 or 4(or 5). |
15 mm diam.; hypanthium sparsely pilose; sepals narrowly triangular from wide bases, margins subentire to glandular on barely discernible teeth, abaxially glabrous; stamens 20, anthers bright purple; styles 3 or 4. |
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Pomes | scarlet to deep red, only darkened to burgundy if dried and shriveled (except in var. vernonensis), usually suborbicular to broadly ellipsoid or oblong, 8–10(–12) mm diam., pubescent or glabrous; sepal remnants present, spreading to reflexed, not or rarely obscurely elevated; pyrenes 3 or 4(or 5). |
red, slightly pyriform, 9–12 mm diam., glabrous; sepals reflexed; pyrenes 3 or 4. |
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2n | = 68. |
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Crataegus chrysocarpa |
Crataegus egregia |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open brush, open woodlands | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NY; OR; RI; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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AL; FL; GA; SC |
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Crataegus chrysocarpa is one of the most wide-ranging North American species of the genus, occurring from inland of the Cascades and Coastal Ranges of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia to the Atlantic from Newfoundland to New England; it is correspondingly variable. Ashe’s type from the Rocky Mountain foothills in northern Colorado is from the south of the range. East of the Rocky Mountains, C. chrysocarpa is the most northerly and cold-adapted species of hawthorn in North America and nearly reaches Hudson Bay in Ontario. Rare northeastern forms are arborescent (to 70 dm). Variety chrysocarpa is by far the most common form through most of the species range; numerous well-marked to only slightly different forms, many accepted here at varietal level, occur in different parts of the range. The main regional variant is var. piperi, a well-marked intermontane form. One to two year old twigs of var. chrysocarpa are much darker in the east (reddish tan or darker) than in the west (light tan to gray-brown). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus egregia was described from Bristol, Florida, and is understood primarily from its type. It is in some ways like C. egens (ser. Lacrimatae) but with larger, more rhombic leaf blades, purple anthers, and where present, longer thorns. South Carolina specimens are thorny; the type material is thornless. Material represented by about six specimens, with similar leaves but more or less tomentose pedicels and much smaller pomes, is also known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 597. | FNA vol. 9, p. 613. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Rotundifoliae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Apricae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | C. columbiana var. chrysocarpa, C. rotundifolia var. chrysocarpa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Ashe: Bull. North Carolina Agric. Exp. Sta. 175: 110. (1900) | Beadle: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 82. (1902) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |