Crataegus chrysocarpa |
Crataegus chrysocarpa var. piperi |
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aubépine dorée, Columbia hawthorn, fireberry hawthorn, goldenberry hawthorn, Piper's hawthorn |
Columbia hawthorn, Piper's fireberry hawthorn, Piper's hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs, 20–35 dm, sometimes clonal. | Shrubs, 20–35 dm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | twigs: new growth usually appressed-pubescent, 1-year old usually dull yellowish to greenish brown or gray-brown to light or dark tan; thorns on twigs variable, straight to slightly recurved, 1-year old shiny, dark mahogany or black, ± slender to ± stout, 3–6 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole length 50% blade, usually narrowly winged distally, pubescent, glandular young, often persisting; blade yellow or purplish in very dry spots (fall), ± rhombic to rhombic-ovate, rhombic-obovate, or ovate to broadly elliptic, on extension shoots similar, larger, 2–5(–7.5) cm, thin to chartaceous, base ± cuneate, sometimes rounded to broadly ovate (at early anthesis not strikingly flabellate), lobes 2–4(–6) per side, sinuses moderately deep, lobe apex acute to subacute, margins serrate, teeth glands caducous, numerous, small, veins 3–5(–7) per side, apex acute or subacute, abaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pilose-glabrescent, or villous, veins usually pubescent, adaxial appressed-scabrous, glabrescent or short-appressed-pubescent. |
blade rhombic to narrowly rhombic or rhombic-elliptic, base ± cuneate, sinuses: max LII 15–20%, lobe apex acute, veins 5 or 6 per side, abaxial surface persistently rough-pubescent, adaxial appressed-pubescent, glabrescent. |
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Inflorescences | 5–10-flowered, compact; branches sparsely to densely villous, rarely glabrous; bracteoles usually hyaline, linear, membranous, margins sessile- or short-stipitate-glandular. |
branches ± villous. |
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Flowers | 15–20 mm diam.; hypanthium usually villous, sometimes glabrous; sepals triangular, 4 mm, margins glandular-serrate, apex subacute to obtuse, abaxially pubescent; stamens (5–)10(or 20), anthers cream or ivory, sometimes pink; styles 3 or 4(or 5). |
15–20 mm diam.; hypanthium villous; stamens 10, anthers cream to ivory, sometimes pink. |
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Pomes | scarlet to deep red, only darkened to burgundy if dried and shriveled (except in var. vernonensis), usually suborbicular to broadly ellipsoid or oblong, 8–10(–12) mm diam., pubescent or glabrous; sepal remnants present, spreading to reflexed, not or rarely obscurely elevated; pyrenes 3 or 4(or 5). |
salmon-orange young, bright red, suborbicular, 10 mm diam., pubescent. |
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2n | = 68. |
= 68. |
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Crataegus chrysocarpa |
Crataegus chrysocarpa var. piperi |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Streamsides and washes, sagebrush, pine forests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 300–800 m (1000–2600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NY; OR; RI; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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ID; MT; OR; WA; BC |
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Discussion | Varieties 9 (9 in the flora). Crataegus chrysocarpa is one of the most wide-ranging North American species of the genus, occurring from inland of the Cascades and Coastal Ranges of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia to the Atlantic from Newfoundland to New England; it is correspondingly variable. Ashe’s type from the Rocky Mountain foothills in northern Colorado is from the south of the range. East of the Rocky Mountains, C. chrysocarpa is the most northerly and cold-adapted species of hawthorn in North America and nearly reaches Hudson Bay in Ontario. Rare northeastern forms are arborescent (to 70 dm). Variety chrysocarpa is by far the most common form through most of the species range; numerous well-marked to only slightly different forms, many accepted here at varietal level, occur in different parts of the range. The main regional variant is var. piperi, a well-marked intermontane form. One to two year old twigs of var. chrysocarpa are much darker in the east (reddish tan or darker) than in the west (light tan to gray-brown). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Variety piperi occurs in the intermontane region from the southern Coastal Range of British Columbia and the Cascades of Washington, to the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia and Montana, where it is widespread and locally common in suitable valley habitats. Variety piperi has been treated frequently in the Pacific Northwest literature as Crataegus columbiana Howell; when that species was divided by floristicians into var. columbiana (glabrous) and var. piperi (hairy), the former could not be found. Crataegus columbiana was based on two different species and its recent typification, which makes it a synonym of C. douglasii, reflects this anomaly. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 597. | FNA vol. 9, p. 599. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Rotundifoliae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Rotundifoliae > Crataegus chrysocarpa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | C. columbiana var. chrysocarpa, C. rotundifolia var. chrysocarpa | C. piperi, C. columbiana var. piperi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Ashe: Bull. North Carolina Agric. Exp. Sta. 175: 110. (1900) | (Britton) Kruschke: Publ. Bot. Milwaukee Public Mus. 3: 163. (1965) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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