Crataegus castlegarensis |
Crataegus aestivalis |
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Castlegar hawthorn, Castlegar hawthorne, hawthorn |
eastern mayhaw, May hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs, 25–50 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 30–120 dm. |
Stems | erect; branches spreading; 1-year old twigs brown; thorns on twigs usually branched, some paired or in triads, straight to slightly recurved, dark brown with blackish tip young, 2–3 cm. |
twigs: new growth reddish, glabrous, 1-year old dark brown (in late summer); thorns on twigs 1-year old dark, ± shiny, older grayish, 2–4 cm. |
Leaves | petiole 0.7–1.5 cm, pubescent, eglandular; blade oblanceolate to ovate-rhombic, 3.5–6 cm, lobes 3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to deep, lobe apex usually acute, margins serrate, teeth apices finally glandular young, venation craspedodromous, veins 4 or 5 per side, apex broadly triangular, abaxial surface sparsely hairy or glabrous except on veins, adaxial conspicuously appressed-pubescent young, glabrescent except on midvein. |
stipules broadly circinate, margins glandular; petiole 3–8 mm, length 10–16% blade, winged distally; blade ± dark green, elliptic to oblanceolate or narrowly so, 3–5 cm (sometimes much larger on extension shoots, then sometimes few-lobed, sometimes deeply so, even almost tripartite), lobes 0, margins entire proximally, serrulate to crenate in distal 1/2, usually eglandular, teeth tips sometimes with black glands, veins 4 or 5 per side, apex acute to subobtuse, abaxial surface glabrous except for tufts of usually pale gray (sometimes ± rufous) hair in lateral vein axils, sometimes also along midvein, adaxial ± shiny, scabrous or glabrous. |
Inflorescences | 12–20-flowered; branches sparsely to densely pubescent; bracteole margins stipitate-glandular. |
2–4-flowered umbels; branches glabrous or sparsely long-pilose; bracteoles narrow, margins sessile-glandular. |
Flowers | 12 mm diam.; hypanthium pubescent or glabrous; sepals triangular, 3 mm, margins remotely glandular-serrate; stamens 10, anthers pink; styles 3 or 4. |
12–30 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepal margins ± entire, glabrous; anthers pink; styles 4 or 5. |
Pomes | crimson (mid Aug) turning to reddish plum or, ultimately, blackish purple, orbicular, ± oblate (recessed at junction with pedicel), 10 mm diam., sparsely pilose; sepals reflexed, apex obtuse; pyrenes 3 or 4, sides usually pitted. |
red, sometimes yellow, 8–20 mm diam., shiny; flesh edible; sepals obtuse; pyrenes 4 or 5. |
2n | = 68. |
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Crataegus castlegarensis |
Crataegus aestivalis |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. | Flowering Feb–Mar (later northward); fruiting May–Jul. |
Habitat | Mesic brush | Seasonally inundated depressions, ditches, sink holes, streamsides |
Elevation | 300–1200 m (1000–3900 ft) | 10–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK
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AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC
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Discussion | Crataegus castlegarensis occurs from around the northern Okanagan, British Columbia, to the northern California Coast Ranges, to northwestern Montana, and the Rocky Mountains to northeast of Salt Lake City, Utah. The species occurs also in the Cypress Hills of Alberta and Saskatchewan; it is found in habitats similar to those of C. douglasii and is at least as abundant as that species in a number of parts of its range. Crataegus castlegarensis is readily recognized by a combination of hairy inflorescence branches, pomes more or less orbicular, crimson or burgundy (with irregular earlier ripening) around the third week of August, soon becoming purple, often when nearby C. douglasii is already black, as well as a tendency to possess thorns on the young twigs branched at the base to become double, triple, or even sometimes quadruple. Such multiple thorns, though sometimes abundant on a bush, are more often few and may require searching for. Inflorescence pubescence, as in other species with this characteristic, may become sparse by fruiting. Crataegus castlegarensis is most similar to C. douglasii; its fruit is usually more orbicular, even oblately so, than is normal in that species, sometimes even with a recessed junction to the pedicel like an apple. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus aestivalis is common in northern Florida and southern Georgia and continues up the coastal plain to New Bern, North Carolina, and west to Mississippi; it is scarce in the northern portion of its range. Crataegus aestivalis is variable in flower and fruit size. Crataegus maloides has unusually large, and C. luculenta unusually small, flowers; C. cerasoides has large, late-ripening fruit. Crataegus fruticosa is distinguished by late anthesis, at nearly full leaf expansion, and could be mistaken for a form of C. crus-galli. Crataegus monantha is a dwarf form from northern Florida and might prove useful as a dwarfing stock for the mayhaw industry. Crataegus aestivalis is widely used in the southern states for conserves. The description of Crataegus aestivalis by Torrey and Gray, together with the distribution they ascribed to it, indicates that they included C. opaca. The type of C. elliptica Pursh (reputedly at BM or OXF) has not been located and that of C. lucida Elliott (at CHARL) has not been accessed; these two names may belong here. C. S. Sargent (1920) thoroughly discussed the typification of C. aestivalis, suggesting that C. elliptica and C. lucida represent the same species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 513. | FNA vol. 9, p. 547. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Douglasianae | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Aestivales |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mespilus aestivalis, C. cerasoides, C. fruticosa, C. luculenta, C. maloides, C. monantha | |
Name authority | J. B. Phipps & O'Kennon: Sida 20: 121, figs. 3, 4. (2002) | (Walter) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 468. (1840) |
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