Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus venusta |
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barberry hawthorn, barberry-leaf hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 60 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 40–70 dm. | ||||
Stems | twigs: new growth orange-brown or green tinged with red, ± pubescent, 1-year old brown, older gray; thorns on twigs ± straight or recurved, 2-years old shiny black to chestnut brown, fine or stouter, (2–)3–4(–6.5) cm. |
twigs: new growth reddish green, 1-year old usually deep chestnut; thorns on twigs ± straight, 2-years old very dark, usually slender, 2–5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 4–6 mm, length 13–18% blade, glabrescent, eglandular; blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, (2.5–)3(–4) cm, coriaceous, base narrowly cuneate, lobes 0, margins finely crenate or serrate except at base, or only beyond widest part, venation craspedodromous, veins 4–6 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, lustrous, abaxial surface ± densely pilose on veins, sometimes pubescent on surface, adaxial hairy young, glabrescent or becoming scabrous. |
petiole length 25–30% blade, sparsely sessile-glandular; blade broadly oblong to ovate, 5–8 cm, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, lobes 0, or 1 or 2 per side, sinuses shallow, lobe apex acuminate young, obtuse later, margins dentate, teeth acute to acuminate, veins 5–7 per side, apex acute to acuminate angle from widest lobe to tip ca. 90˚, adaxial midvein sparsely long-hairy young. |
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Inflorescences | 8–12-flowered; branches densely pubescent; bracteoles linear, margins glandular. |
5–8-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteoles caducous, numerous, hyaline to greenish, narrowly oblanceolate to linear, membranous, margins densely glandular. |
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Flowers | 10–20 mm diam.; hypanthium villous or glabrous; sepals 3–5 mm, margins entire, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10 or 20, anthers cream or pink; styles 2 or 3. |
15–20 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, length not recorded, margins finely glandular, abaxially glabrous; anthers pink to purplish, sometimes cream; styles 3 or 4. |
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Pomes | reddish to yellow, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals erose or patent; pyrenes 2 or 3. |
greenish yellow to yellow, sometimes reddish, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam.; sepals spreading or erose; pyrenes 3–5. |
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Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus venusta |
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Phenology | Flowering early–mid Apr; fruiting Sep–Nov. | |||||
Habitat | Brushy forest regrowth, forest gaps and margins | |||||
Elevation | 20–200 m (100–700 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; TX |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Crataegus berberifolia is widespread from Texas to Missouri, Florida, and Virginia; it is particularly abundant in Louisiana. Crataegus berberifolia is little differentiated from some forms of C. crus-galli, except in indumentum; it has relatively small and less variably shaped leaves. Its distribution is quite different. Intermediates with hairy leaves and glabrous inflorescences or nearly glabrous leaves and hairy inflorescences may represent hybrids with C. crus-galli (where they might be reached in the key). Such a situation is found in C. araioclada. Abrasion of the adaxial leaf pubescence may occur, rendering identification more difficult with fruiting material. Crataegus berberifolia has a plethora of yellow and orange-fruited forms, particularly from southern Louisiana. Crataegus fera and C. tersa are red-fruited, C. crocina yellow. The fruit color in the type is unknown; E. J. Palmer (in specimen annotation) called it yellow-orange. A form with exceptionally white-tomentose leaves near Copenhagen, Louisiana, is probably this species. Crataegus regalis var. paradoxa (Sargent) E. J. Palmer, from Missouri and adjacent Kansas and Arkansas, is probably a hybrid between the deeply serrated 'regalis' leaf form of C. crus-galli and a form of C. berberifolia. Two common forms of C. berberifolia occur, treated here as varieties: var. engelmannii with ten pink anthers and var. berberifolia with 20 cream anthers. Forms with 20 pink or ten cream anthers also occur sporadically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus venusta is most abundant in Alabama. When flowering, it is one of the most striking members of ser. Pulcherrimae, with typical oblong leaf blades, their margins with lobes more or less absent and bearing numerous acuminate teeth. At maturity this characteristic is diminished, and typical larger short-shoot leaves then have several shallow lobes per side, these more or less subacute. Crataegus venusta was described by Beadle as possessing reddish pomes and cream anthers, but all material where color determination was possible had yellowish pomes and pink to purple anthers. The most distinctive form possibly synonymous with Crataegus venusta is C. pallens Beadle [C. venusta Beadle var. pallens (Beadle) Lance], a morphotype with a very sparse and scattered distribution that is found from its type locality in western North Carolina to the type locality of its synonym C. alma Beadle in Mississippi. Compared to typical C. venusta, it usually has smaller leaves (blades typically less than 5 cm), differently shaped lobes that are wider than those of C. venusta with the leading edge usually more or less perpendicular to the midvein, and less sharp teeth. Definite intermediates with typical C. venusta are not known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 540. | FNA vol. 9, p. 583. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Crus-galli | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pulcherrimae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 469. (1840) | Beadle: Bot. Gaz. 30: 338. (1900) | ||||
Web links |