Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus padifolia |
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barberry hawthorn, barberry-leaf hawthorn |
bird-cherry hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 60 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 40–60 dm. | ||||||||
Stems | twigs: new growth orange-brown or green tinged with red, ± pubescent, 1-year old brown, older gray; thorns on twigs ± straight or recurved, 2-years old shiny black to chestnut brown, fine or stouter, (2–)3–4(–6.5) cm. |
twigs: new growth reddish green, glabrous, 1-year old deep red-brown, 2-years old dark gray-black, older grayish; thorns on twigs sometimes absent, straight or slightly recurved, 2-years old blackish, slender, 2–4 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 4–6 mm, length 13–18% blade, glabrescent, eglandular; blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, (2.5–)3(–4) cm, coriaceous, base narrowly cuneate, lobes 0, margins finely crenate or serrate except at base, or only beyond widest part, venation craspedodromous, veins 4–6 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, lustrous, abaxial surface ± densely pilose on veins, sometimes pubescent on surface, adaxial hairy young, glabrescent or becoming scabrous. |
petiole 1 mm wide, length 33–40% blade, glabrous, sparsely glandular; blade deep glossy green, ± elliptic (var. padifolia) or ovate (var. incarnata), 3–5 cm, base cuneate or broadly cuneate to rounded or subtruncate, lobes 0, or 3 or 4 per side (enlarged toothlike apiculi in var. padifolia or larger in var. incarnata), sinuses shallow, lobe apex very short and acute to ± obtuse, margins serrate at least young teeth gland-tipped, teeth gland-tipped, veins 4–7 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, adaxial larger veins sparsely short-hairy. |
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Inflorescences | 8–12-flowered; branches densely pubescent; bracteoles linear, margins glandular. |
3–6-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteole margins stipitate-glandular. |
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Flowers | 10–20 mm diam.; hypanthium villous or glabrous; sepals 3–5 mm, margins entire, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10 or 20, anthers cream or pink; styles 2 or 3. |
15–18 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals 4 mm, margins finely glandular-serrate distally, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10, anthers cream, flushed pink; styles 2 or 3. |
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Pomes | reddish to yellow, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals erose or patent; pyrenes 2 or 3. |
dull orange-brown to ± shiny, red-orange to red, ± oblong, 12–14 mm diam., glabrous; sepals sessile, patent-reflexed; pyrenes 2 or 3. |
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2n | = 51. |
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Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus padifolia |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN
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AR; MO; OK |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Crataegus berberifolia is widespread from Texas to Missouri, Florida, and Virginia; it is particularly abundant in Louisiana. Crataegus berberifolia is little differentiated from some forms of C. crus-galli, except in indumentum; it has relatively small and less variably shaped leaves. Its distribution is quite different. Intermediates with hairy leaves and glabrous inflorescences or nearly glabrous leaves and hairy inflorescences may represent hybrids with C. crus-galli (where they might be reached in the key). Such a situation is found in C. araioclada. Abrasion of the adaxial leaf pubescence may occur, rendering identification more difficult with fruiting material. Crataegus berberifolia has a plethora of yellow and orange-fruited forms, particularly from southern Louisiana. Crataegus fera and C. tersa are red-fruited, C. crocina yellow. The fruit color in the type is unknown; E. J. Palmer (in specimen annotation) called it yellow-orange. A form with exceptionally white-tomentose leaves near Copenhagen, Louisiana, is probably this species. Crataegus regalis var. paradoxa (Sargent) E. J. Palmer, from Missouri and adjacent Kansas and Arkansas, is probably a hybrid between the deeply serrated 'regalis' leaf form of C. crus-galli and a form of C. berberifolia. Two common forms of C. berberifolia occur, treated here as varieties: var. engelmannii with ten pink anthers and var. berberifolia with 20 cream anthers. Forms with 20 pink or ten cream anthers also occur sporadically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Crataegus padifolia is rare, confirmed only for the Ozark region of Arkansas and southern Missouri. Occasional specimens from southern Appalachia may prove to belong here. Crataegus padifolia is one of the less typical taxa usually placed in ser. Intricatae as it lacks the characteristic elevated fruiting calyx. The two varieties, at least in their more extreme forms, could pass for different species but too little material is available on which to justify a change of status. Crataegus fortunata Sargent from Pennsylvania has yellow fruit but is otherwise similar and may belong here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 540. | FNA vol. 9, p. 592. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Crus-galli | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Intricatae | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | C. intricata var. padifolia | |||||||||
Name authority | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 469. (1840) | Sargent: Trees & Shrubs 2: 75, plate 135. (1908) | ||||||||
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