Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus margarettae |
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barberry hawthorn, barberry-leaf hawthorn |
Margaret's hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 60 dm. | Shrubs, 60–70 dm. | ||||||||||||||||
Stems | twigs: new growth orange-brown or green tinged with red, ± pubescent, 1-year old brown, older gray; thorns on twigs ± straight or recurved, 2-years old shiny black to chestnut brown, fine or stouter, (2–)3–4(–6.5) cm. |
twigs: new growth becoming shiny, brownish tan by fall in 1st year, glabrous, 1-year old brownish gray, older dull gray; thorns on twigs few to numerous, straight to recurved, 1-year old blackish, ± shiny, slender, 2.5–5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 4–6 mm, length 13–18% blade, glabrescent, eglandular; blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, (2.5–)3(–4) cm, coriaceous, base narrowly cuneate, lobes 0, margins finely crenate or serrate except at base, or only beyond widest part, venation craspedodromous, veins 4–6 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, lustrous, abaxial surface ± densely pilose on veins, sometimes pubescent on surface, adaxial hairy young, glabrescent or becoming scabrous. |
petiole length 30–60% blade, glabrous, usually with small glands at first, becoming eglandular, glands ± caducous, small; blade green to bluish green, suborbiculate, ovate, or obovate, rarely elliptic-rhombic to elliptic or lance-elliptic, 3–5 cm (less than 2.5 in var. meiophylla), subcoriaceous, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, lobes 1–3(or 4) per side, sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep, lobe apex obtuse to angled, margins crenate to finely, sharply serrate, veins 3 or 4 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial ± sparsely appressed-short-pubescent young, glabrescent. |
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Inflorescences | 8–12-flowered; branches densely pubescent; bracteoles linear, margins glandular. |
6–15-flowered; branches glabrous, rarely pubescent; bracteoles late caducous, linear, subherbaceous, margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 10–20 mm diam.; hypanthium villous or glabrous; sepals 3–5 mm, margins entire, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10 or 20, anthers cream or pink; styles 2 or 3. |
(8–)12–17 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals narrowly triangular, 4–5 mm, margins entire or subentire, glandular, abaxially glabrous; stamens 20, anthers ivory; styles 2 or 3(or 4). |
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Pomes | reddish to yellow, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals erose or patent; pyrenes 2 or 3. |
yellow, orange-red, red, or dull burgundy, broadly ellipsoid to suborbicular, 7–12 mm diam., glabrous; sepals reflexed, often on collar; pyrenes 2–4. |
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2n | = 34. |
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Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus margarettae |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN
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IA; IL; IN; KY; MI; MO; OH; PA; VA; WI; WV; ON |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Crataegus berberifolia is widespread from Texas to Missouri, Florida, and Virginia; it is particularly abundant in Louisiana. Crataegus berberifolia is little differentiated from some forms of C. crus-galli, except in indumentum; it has relatively small and less variably shaped leaves. Its distribution is quite different. Intermediates with hairy leaves and glabrous inflorescences or nearly glabrous leaves and hairy inflorescences may represent hybrids with C. crus-galli (where they might be reached in the key). Such a situation is found in C. araioclada. Abrasion of the adaxial leaf pubescence may occur, rendering identification more difficult with fruiting material. Crataegus berberifolia has a plethora of yellow and orange-fruited forms, particularly from southern Louisiana. Crataegus fera and C. tersa are red-fruited, C. crocina yellow. The fruit color in the type is unknown; E. J. Palmer (in specimen annotation) called it yellow-orange. A form with exceptionally white-tomentose leaves near Copenhagen, Louisiana, is probably this species. Crataegus regalis var. paradoxa (Sargent) E. J. Palmer, from Missouri and adjacent Kansas and Arkansas, is probably a hybrid between the deeply serrated 'regalis' leaf form of C. crus-galli and a form of C. berberifolia. Two common forms of C. berberifolia occur, treated here as varieties: var. engelmannii with ten pink anthers and var. berberifolia with 20 cream anthers. Forms with 20 pink or ten cream anthers also occur sporadically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 4 (4 in the flora). Crataegus margarettae is widespread and often common, extending east from Missouri and Iowa to Wisconsin, southern Michigan, southwestern Ontario (where it was always rare and is now perhaps lost), western Pennsylvania, and western Virginia. Leaves of Crataegus margarettae are often somewhat blue-green at maturity, and the thorns are usually finer than found on its close relatives C. dodgei and C. lumaria. The variation in fruit color (yellow to burgundy) and leaf shape (suborbiculate to narrowly elliptic) is considerable; there are four varieties but only the typical one is common. The other varieties are extreme forms of which perhaps only var. angustifolia has a genetic basis; var. brownii and var. meiophylla are possibly products of dry seasons or situations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 540. | FNA vol. 9, p. 601. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Crus-galli | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Rotundifoliae | ||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 469. (1840) | Ashe: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 16: 72. (1900) | ||||||||||||||||
Web links |