Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus leonensis |
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barberry hawthorn, barberry-leaf hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 60 dm. | Trees, 100–120 dm. | ||||
Stems | twigs: new growth orange-brown or green tinged with red, ± pubescent, 1-year old brown, older gray; thorns on twigs ± straight or recurved, 2-years old shiny black to chestnut brown, fine or stouter, (2–)3–4(–6.5) cm. |
trunk bark dark gray to nearly black, thick, ridged; branches broadly spreading, intricate; twigs ± flexuous, new growth olive green, glabrous, 1-year old very dark brown, older gray; thorns on twigs few, straight, 1-year old very dark, older graying, fine, 3.5 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 4–6 mm, length 13–18% blade, glabrescent, eglandular; blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, (2.5–)3(–4) cm, coriaceous, base narrowly cuneate, lobes 0, margins finely crenate or serrate except at base, or only beyond widest part, venation craspedodromous, veins 4–6 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, lustrous, abaxial surface ± densely pilose on veins, sometimes pubescent on surface, adaxial hairy young, glabrescent or becoming scabrous. |
petiole length 40–50% blade, pubescent in sulcus, densely sessile-glandular; blade narrowly ovate to rhombic-ovate or broadly ovate, sometimes oblong or ± obovate, 2.5–5 cm, ± thin, base cuneate, lobes 0, or 1 or 2 per side, obscure, sinuses shallow, lobe apex obtuse or acute, margins finely to obscurely crenate-serrate, teeth gland-tipped, veins 3 or 4 per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial glabrate, main veins sparsely pilose. |
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Inflorescences | 8–12-flowered; branches densely pubescent; bracteoles linear, margins glandular. |
3–7-flowered; branches glabrate to moderately pilose; bracteoles caducous, narrowly oblong, margins glandular. |
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Flowers | 10–20 mm diam.; hypanthium villous or glabrous; sepals 3–5 mm, margins entire, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10 or 20, anthers cream or pink; styles 2 or 3. |
16–20 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals narrowly triangular, margins glandular-serrate; stamens 20, anthers pink to pale purple; styles 2–5. |
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Pomes | reddish to yellow, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals erose or patent; pyrenes 2 or 3. |
orange-red to russet, often green-mottled, suborbicular, 9–12 mm diam., glabrous; sepals prominent, ± elevated, spreading; pyrenes (2 or)3 or 4(or 5). |
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Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus leonensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy upland woods | |||||
Elevation | 20–50 m (100–200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN
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FL; GA |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Crataegus berberifolia is widespread from Texas to Missouri, Florida, and Virginia; it is particularly abundant in Louisiana. Crataegus berberifolia is little differentiated from some forms of C. crus-galli, except in indumentum; it has relatively small and less variably shaped leaves. Its distribution is quite different. Intermediates with hairy leaves and glabrous inflorescences or nearly glabrous leaves and hairy inflorescences may represent hybrids with C. crus-galli (where they might be reached in the key). Such a situation is found in C. araioclada. Abrasion of the adaxial leaf pubescence may occur, rendering identification more difficult with fruiting material. Crataegus berberifolia has a plethora of yellow and orange-fruited forms, particularly from southern Louisiana. Crataegus fera and C. tersa are red-fruited, C. crocina yellow. The fruit color in the type is unknown; E. J. Palmer (in specimen annotation) called it yellow-orange. A form with exceptionally white-tomentose leaves near Copenhagen, Louisiana, is probably this species. Crataegus regalis var. paradoxa (Sargent) E. J. Palmer, from Missouri and adjacent Kansas and Arkansas, is probably a hybrid between the deeply serrated 'regalis' leaf form of C. crus-galli and a form of C. berberifolia. Two common forms of C. berberifolia occur, treated here as varieties: var. engelmannii with ten pink anthers and var. berberifolia with 20 cream anthers. Forms with 20 pink or ten cream anthers also occur sporadically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Most specimens of Crataegus leonensis are from Leon County, Florida, but a few come from southern Georgia. Crataegus leonensis is most similar to C. mira, of which it may prove to be an extreme form; it has smaller flowers and differently shaped, narrower leaves. An unnamed entity from northern Florida and southeastern Alabama to North Carolina, which could key to C. leonensis, is held to be closer to C. annosa. It differs from C. leonensis by larger leaves (3–5 cm) and fruit (12–15 mm), somewhat different leaf shape (broadly elliptic to rhombic, sharply lobed), always dense inflorescence indumentum, and cream anthers. Crataegus subflavida Murrill may be synonymous but has larger yellow pomes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 540. | FNA vol. 9, p. 615. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Crus-galli | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Apricae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 469. (1840) | E. J. Palmer: J. Arnold Arbor. 13: 422, fig. 1. (1932) | ||||
Web links |