Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus gilva |
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barberry hawthorn, barberry-leaf hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 60 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 20–50 dm. | ||||
Stems | twigs: new growth orange-brown or green tinged with red, ± pubescent, 1-year old brown, older gray; thorns on twigs ± straight or recurved, 2-years old shiny black to chestnut brown, fine or stouter, (2–)3–4(–6.5) cm. |
twigs: new growth reddish, 1-year old deep reddish brown, older dark, dull gray; thorns on twigs straight or slightly recurved, 2-years old dull purplish brown, fine, 2–4 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 4–6 mm, length 13–18% blade, glabrescent, eglandular; blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, (2.5–)3(–4) cm, coriaceous, base narrowly cuneate, lobes 0, margins finely crenate or serrate except at base, or only beyond widest part, venation craspedodromous, veins 4–6 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, lustrous, abaxial surface ± densely pilose on veins, sometimes pubescent on surface, adaxial hairy young, glabrescent or becoming scabrous. |
petiole length 20–30% blade, glandular; blade broadly lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or very narrowly ovate to narrowly ovate or narrowly ovate-rhombic, 3.5–4.5 cm, base curved-cuneate, lobes 0 or 1–3 per side, sides ± straight, sinuses shallow, LII 0–20%, lobe apex acute distally, margins serrulate, teeth sometimes large, veins 5–7(–9) per side (except smaller leaves), apex acute to acuminate angle from widest lobe to tip ca. 60˚, adaxial veins sparsely hairy especially young. |
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Inflorescences | 8–12-flowered; branches densely pubescent; bracteoles linear, margins glandular. |
3–7-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteoles caducous, dense, narrowly oblong to very narrowly obovate, membranous to subherbaceous, margins densely glandular. |
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Flowers | 10–20 mm diam.; hypanthium villous or glabrous; sepals 3–5 mm, margins entire, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10 or 20, anthers cream or pink; styles 2 or 3. |
(13–)18–20 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 6–7 mm, margins glandular-serrate; anthers pale pink; styles 3 or 4. |
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Pomes | reddish to yellow, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals erose or patent; pyrenes 2 or 3. |
greenish yellow to yellow, orbicular, 5–8 mm diam.; sepals ± reflexed; pyrenes 3 or 4. |
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Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus gilva |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Woodland edges and gaps, clear-cuts, pine-oak woodlands | |||||
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN
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AL; FL; GA; MS |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Crataegus berberifolia is widespread from Texas to Missouri, Florida, and Virginia; it is particularly abundant in Louisiana. Crataegus berberifolia is little differentiated from some forms of C. crus-galli, except in indumentum; it has relatively small and less variably shaped leaves. Its distribution is quite different. Intermediates with hairy leaves and glabrous inflorescences or nearly glabrous leaves and hairy inflorescences may represent hybrids with C. crus-galli (where they might be reached in the key). Such a situation is found in C. araioclada. Abrasion of the adaxial leaf pubescence may occur, rendering identification more difficult with fruiting material. Crataegus berberifolia has a plethora of yellow and orange-fruited forms, particularly from southern Louisiana. Crataegus fera and C. tersa are red-fruited, C. crocina yellow. The fruit color in the type is unknown; E. J. Palmer (in specimen annotation) called it yellow-orange. A form with exceptionally white-tomentose leaves near Copenhagen, Louisiana, is probably this species. Crataegus regalis var. paradoxa (Sargent) E. J. Palmer, from Missouri and adjacent Kansas and Arkansas, is probably a hybrid between the deeply serrated 'regalis' leaf form of C. crus-galli and a form of C. berberifolia. Two common forms of C. berberifolia occur, treated here as varieties: var. engelmannii with ten pink anthers and var. berberifolia with 20 cream anthers. Forms with 20 pink or ten cream anthers also occur sporadically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus gilva occurs from Mississippi to Georgia and northern Florida. The leaves are rather like those of C. mendosa, but with an acuminate leaf apex, much sharper lobes (when present) and marginal teeth, and somewhat resemble a less clearly lobed C. pinetorum. The leaves are also usually somewhat like those of C. sargentii but narrower. In the flowering type, they are narrowly elliptic, with cuneate bases, virtually devoid of lobes, with particularly large marginal teeth and acuminate apices, this being the most extreme specimen of the species seen. The suspicion that C. gilva may represent an extreme form of C. sargentii is heightened by the almost complete lack of known fruiting specimens of the species, the fruiting co-type excepted (Harbison 4374/2); nevertheless, that specimen suggests the possibility that the leaves are often wider after anthesis. Crataegus agrestina Beadle, known only from a syntype specimen, is similar. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 540. | FNA vol. 9, p. 582. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Crus-galli | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Pulcherrimae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | C. sargentii var. gilva | |||||
Name authority | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 469. (1840) | Beadle: Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 60. (1902) | ||||
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