Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus dodgei |
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barberry hawthorn, barberry-leaf hawthorn |
Dodge hawthorn, Dodge's hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 60 dm. | Shrubs or trees, 50 dm. | ||||
Stems | twigs: new growth orange-brown or green tinged with red, ± pubescent, 1-year old brown, older gray; thorns on twigs ± straight or recurved, 2-years old shiny black to chestnut brown, fine or stouter, (2–)3–4(–6.5) cm. |
twigs: new growth often ± reddish young, glabrous, 1-year old gray-brown, older dull gray; thorns on twigs few to plentiful, straight to ± recurved, 1-year old shiny, dark brown or black, older gray, slender, 2.5–7 cm. |
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Leaves | petiole 4–6 mm, length 13–18% blade, glabrescent, eglandular; blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, (2.5–)3(–4) cm, coriaceous, base narrowly cuneate, lobes 0, margins finely crenate or serrate except at base, or only beyond widest part, venation craspedodromous, veins 4–6 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, lustrous, abaxial surface ± densely pilose on veins, sometimes pubescent on surface, adaxial hairy young, glabrescent or becoming scabrous. |
petiole length 40–60% blade, glabrous, sparsely to densely minutely glandular; blade green, suborbiculate, ± ovate, broadly rhombic to rhombic-ovate, sometimes broadly elliptic, 2–5 cm, thin, base rounded to cuneate, lobes 0 or 1–4 per side, sinuses shallow to moderately deep, lobe apex acute to obtuse, margins crenate-serrate to serrate, veins 4–6 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial glabrate young, soon glabrescent. |
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Inflorescences | 8–12-flowered; branches densely pubescent; bracteoles linear, margins glandular. |
6–15-flowered; branches glabrous; bracteoles linear, membranous, margins glandular, larger proximally stipitate-glandular. |
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Flowers | 10–20 mm diam.; hypanthium villous or glabrous; sepals 3–5 mm, margins entire, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10 or 20, anthers cream or pink; styles 2 or 3. |
13–18 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals narrowly triangular, 5 mm, margins entire or ± glandular-denticulate; stamens 10, anthers ivory; styles 2 or 3. |
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Pomes | reddish to yellow, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals erose or patent; pyrenes 2 or 3. |
yellow to yellow-orange, dull orange, or ruddy to red, suborbicular, 7–12 mm diam., glabrous; sepals reflexed; pyrenes 2 or 3. |
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2n | = 51, 68. |
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Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus dodgei |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Thickets, successional fields, brush | |||||
Elevation | 0–900 m (0–3000 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN
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CT; IL; IN; MA; MI; NC; NY; OH; PA; VA; WI; WV; ON; QC |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Crataegus berberifolia is widespread from Texas to Missouri, Florida, and Virginia; it is particularly abundant in Louisiana. Crataegus berberifolia is little differentiated from some forms of C. crus-galli, except in indumentum; it has relatively small and less variably shaped leaves. Its distribution is quite different. Intermediates with hairy leaves and glabrous inflorescences or nearly glabrous leaves and hairy inflorescences may represent hybrids with C. crus-galli (where they might be reached in the key). Such a situation is found in C. araioclada. Abrasion of the adaxial leaf pubescence may occur, rendering identification more difficult with fruiting material. Crataegus berberifolia has a plethora of yellow and orange-fruited forms, particularly from southern Louisiana. Crataegus fera and C. tersa are red-fruited, C. crocina yellow. The fruit color in the type is unknown; E. J. Palmer (in specimen annotation) called it yellow-orange. A form with exceptionally white-tomentose leaves near Copenhagen, Louisiana, is probably this species. Crataegus regalis var. paradoxa (Sargent) E. J. Palmer, from Missouri and adjacent Kansas and Arkansas, is probably a hybrid between the deeply serrated 'regalis' leaf form of C. crus-galli and a form of C. berberifolia. Two common forms of C. berberifolia occur, treated here as varieties: var. engelmannii with ten pink anthers and var. berberifolia with 20 cream anthers. Forms with 20 pink or ten cream anthers also occur sporadically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus dodgei ranges from Wisconsin and northern Illinois through the southern Great Lakes to Connecticut, and south to West Virginia and the North Carolina Blue Ridge. The southern limits are poorly understood. Crataegus dodgei is unusually variable in leaf shape, and also variable in plant size, thorn length, and bracteole glandularity. The typical form resembles a ten-stamen C. margarettae, though often with larger and more veiny leaves. It occurs throughout the range of C. dodgei and is usually easily recognizable. An opposite tendency is found in the C. flavida form, which is also common but where the plants are smaller with usually finer thorns and particularly small, usually acutely lobed leaves. Rather scarce forms with larger, proportionately broad, often suborbiculate leaves and obtuse lobes represent the C. delosii form. Still other variants are known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 540. | FNA vol. 9, p. 603. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Crus-galli | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Rotundifoliae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | C. chrysocarpa var. dodgei, C. crassifolia, C. delosii, C. dodgei var. flavida, C. dodgei var. rotundata, C. flavida, C. gravesii, C. rotundata | |||||
Name authority | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 469. (1840) | Ashe: J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 19: 26. (1903) | ||||
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