Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus atrovirens |
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barberry hawthorn, barberry-leaf hawthorn |
dark-green hawthorn, hawthorn |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 60 dm. | Shrubs, 20–50 dm. | ||||
Stems | twigs: new growth orange-brown or green tinged with red, ± pubescent, 1-year old brown, older gray; thorns on twigs ± straight or recurved, 2-years old shiny black to chestnut brown, fine or stouter, (2–)3–4(–6.5) cm. |
multiple, suberect to erect; twigs: new growth pubescent, 1-year old glossy brown, older dark gray; bark on 2–5 cm thick branches gray-brown; thorns on twigs ± straight to very slightly curved, ± slender, 3–5 cm, 2-years old dark brown, black at tip, older deep gray. |
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Leaves | petiole 4–6 mm, length 13–18% blade, glabrescent, eglandular; blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, (2.5–)3(–4) cm, coriaceous, base narrowly cuneate, lobes 0, margins finely crenate or serrate except at base, or only beyond widest part, venation craspedodromous, veins 4–6 per side, apex subacute to obtuse, lustrous, abaxial surface ± densely pilose on veins, sometimes pubescent on surface, adaxial hairy young, glabrescent or becoming scabrous. |
petiole length 15–20% blade, sparsely or densely (in adaxial sulcus mature) hairy, eglandular or sparsely small glandular mainly distally; blade dark green (in fall turning bronze-brown), matte, narrowly ovate to broadly elliptic-rhombic or broadly elliptic, 4–6(–7) cm, subcoriaceous, base cuneate, lobes 3 or 4 per side, small, max LII ca. 10%, lobe apex acute, margins serrulate, minutely glandular at apices, veins 3–5 per side, apex acute to subacute, matte, abaxial surface glabrate, vein pubescence not recorded, adaxial scabrous hairy, glabrescent. |
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Inflorescences | 8–12-flowered; branches densely pubescent; bracteoles linear, margins glandular. |
12–20-flowered; branches densely spreading-pubescent; bracteoles narrow but widened distally, margins densely glandular. |
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Flowers | 10–20 mm diam.; hypanthium villous or glabrous; sepals 3–5 mm, margins entire, abaxially glabrous; stamens 10 or 20, anthers cream or pink; styles 2 or 3. |
10–14 mm diam.; hypanthium pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 4–5 mm, margins strongly glandular-serrate, abaxial pubescence not recorded; stamens 10(–20), anthers pink; styles 2 or 3. |
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Pomes | reddish to yellow, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam., glabrous; sepals erose or patent; pyrenes 2 or 3. |
burgundy (late Aug), blackish purple (Sep), dull, ± ovoid, 13–15 × 10 mm, hairy; flesh soft orange; sepals suberect, wide, 4–6 mm; pyrenes 2 or 3, sides pitted. |
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Crataegus berberifolia |
Crataegus atrovirens |
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Phenology | Flowering May; fruiting Sep–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Natural hedgerows, brush in valleys, dry habitats | |||||
Elevation | 300–500 m (1000–1600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; KS; LA; MO; MS; NC; SC; TN
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BC |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Crataegus berberifolia is widespread from Texas to Missouri, Florida, and Virginia; it is particularly abundant in Louisiana. Crataegus berberifolia is little differentiated from some forms of C. crus-galli, except in indumentum; it has relatively small and less variably shaped leaves. Its distribution is quite different. Intermediates with hairy leaves and glabrous inflorescences or nearly glabrous leaves and hairy inflorescences may represent hybrids with C. crus-galli (where they might be reached in the key). Such a situation is found in C. araioclada. Abrasion of the adaxial leaf pubescence may occur, rendering identification more difficult with fruiting material. Crataegus berberifolia has a plethora of yellow and orange-fruited forms, particularly from southern Louisiana. Crataegus fera and C. tersa are red-fruited, C. crocina yellow. The fruit color in the type is unknown; E. J. Palmer (in specimen annotation) called it yellow-orange. A form with exceptionally white-tomentose leaves near Copenhagen, Louisiana, is probably this species. Crataegus regalis var. paradoxa (Sargent) E. J. Palmer, from Missouri and adjacent Kansas and Arkansas, is probably a hybrid between the deeply serrated 'regalis' leaf form of C. crus-galli and a form of C. berberifolia. Two common forms of C. berberifolia occur, treated here as varieties: var. engelmannii with ten pink anthers and var. berberifolia with 20 cream anthers. Forms with 20 pink or ten cream anthers also occur sporadically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Crataegus atrovirens is known from the northern Okanagan, where it is locally common to abundant. One of its most notable characteristics are the unusually large glands on the leaf teeth. It also has smallish flowers for its series. Of species known to date from this region, C. shuswapensis is the one most likely to be confused with C. atrovirens. The mature fruit and the growth habit of C. shuswapensis are similar, but that species has leaves more sharply lobed, glabrous inflorescences, sometimes 15–18 stamens per flower, redder fruit in the fourth week of August, much smaller, less prominent fruiting sepals, whose margins, rather than being serrato-laciniate, are minutely glandular. Crataegus atrovirens also has similarities to C. okanaganensis; it is easily differentiated in the field by the usually much longer thorns, smaller flowers with pink anthers, and much darker fruit in late August. Compared to C. orbicularis, the fruit of C. atrovirens is also conspicuously larger; it is soft and ripe in the fourth week of August when the former is hard but not ripe. The erect, multi-trunked habit is also somewhat distinctive. It is a dull hawthorn, somber in appearance, contrasting markedly with more colorful congeners such as C. okanaganensis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 540. | FNA vol. 9, p. 506. | ||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Coccineae > ser. Crus-galli | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Crataegus > sect. Douglasia > ser. Purpureofructus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 469. (1840) | J. B. Phipps & O’Kennon: Sida 20: 141, fig. 10. (2002) | ||||
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