Cotoneaster melanocarpus |
Cotoneaster hodjingensis |
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dark cotoneaster, dark-fruit cotoneaster |
earthquake cotoneaster |
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Habit | Shrubs, 2–2.5 m. Stems loosely erect; branches spiraled, yellow brown to red brown, lenticellate, shiny, initially densely pilose. | Shrubs, sprawling, 0.5(–1.5) m. Stems erect, becoming suberect, ascending, wide-spreading; branches spiraled, dense, maroon, stiff, minutely verruculose, initially densely pilose or villose-strigose, later sparsely so. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole 4–7 mm, tomentose-villous; blade elliptic to ovate, 33–45 × 20–32 mm, chartaceous, base rounded, margins flat, veins 5–7, superficial, apex acute or obtuse, abaxial surfaces densely silvery-pilose-villous, adaxial green to dark green, dull to slightly shiny, not glaucous, flat between lateral veins, rugose, sparsely pilose; fall leaves lacking notable color. |
persistent; petiole 1–2 mm, tomentose; blade narrowly elliptic, sometimes lance-elliptic, rarely lanceolate, 5–11 × 2–6 mm, coriaceous, base narrowly cuneate, margins slightly revolute, veins 2–4, slightly sunken, apex acute or obtuse with long mucro, abaxial surfaces grayish white-tomentose, adaxial dark green, shiny, not glaucous, minutely rugose and verruculose, flat between lateral veins, initially pilose-strigose, soon glabrate. |
Inflorescences | on fertile shoots 25–30 mm with 3 or 4 leaves, 5–13-flowered, pendent, lax. |
on fertile shoots 10–20 mm with 4 leaves, 1(–3)-flowered. |
Pedicels | 3–8 mm, sometimes sparsely villous. |
1–3 mm, tomentose. |
Flowers | erect, 6–7 mm, open; hypanthium cupulate, dark reddish brown, glabrous; sepals: margins erose, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces glabrous, often apically villous; petals erect, greenish white with pink, red, base slightly darkened, margins white, glabrous; stamens 20(–22), filaments white, anthers white; styles 2–4. |
erect, 7–8 mm diam.; buds white; hypanthium funnelform, densely villous, becoming glabrate; sepals: margins villous, apex cuspidate or acuminate, surfaces tomentose; petals spreading, white, glabrous or hairy; stamens 20, filaments white, anthers purple; styles 2. |
Pomes | purple-black, obovoid or globose, 7–9 × 7–9 mm, dull, glaucous with blue tinge, glabrous; sepals suberect, glabrous or apically villous; navel open; style remnants 2/3 from base. |
bright red, sometimes tinged crimson or cherry, globose, subglobose, or depressed-globose, 6–7 × 5–8 mm, shiny, not glaucous, sparsely villous; sepals suberect or erect as coronet, villous to sparsely so; navel open with pyrenes exserted; style remnants at apex. |
Pyrenes | 2–4. |
2. |
2n | = 48–52, 68 (Russia). |
= 68 (Germany). |
Cotoneaster melanocarpus |
Cotoneaster hodjingensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Jul–Aug. | Flowering Jun; fruiting Oct–Nov. |
Habitat | Forested ravines | Banks, disturbed ground |
Elevation | 300–500 m (1000–1600 ft) | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) |
Distribution |
MB; Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine) [Introduced in North America] |
CA; WA; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Cotoneaster melanocarpus is said to hybridize spontaneously with Sorbus aucuparia in Siberia, forming x\Sorbocotoneaster Pojarkova. The actual Cotoneaster parent is more likely to be a diploid and needs investigation. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cotoneaster hodjingensis sometimes is synonymized with C. buxifolius Wallich ex Lindley (Zhou L. H. and Wu Z. Y. 2001; L. Lingdi and A. R. Brach 2003), a species from southern India with elliptic to ovate-elliptic, usually obtuse (rarely short-acute) leaves to 17 mm, petioles to 4 mm, 1–9 flowers per inflorescence (to 20 on end shoots), and a tomentose hypanthium. Here, C. hodjingensis is treated as separable by its normally narrower leaves no longer than 11 mm, usually acute, with petioles to 2 mm, solitary flowers (2 or 3 flowers per inflorescence on end shoots), and villous hypanthium becoming glabrate (G. Klotz 1963). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 467. | FNA vol. 9, p. 458. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. vulgaris var. melanocarpus | |
Name authority | (Ledebour) Loddiges: Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 223. (1847) | G. Klotz: Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 12: 774. (1963) |
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