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cotoneaster, Franchet's cotoneaster, orange cotoneaster

taiping cotoneaster

Habit Shrubs, 2–3 m. Stems erect, arching, lax, slender; branches distichous, maroon, initially densely pilose-strigose. Shrubs or trees, 3–5 m. Stems erect, arching, spreading, coarse; branches distichous or spiraled, brown, initially densely villose-strigose.
Leaves

persistent, often 30–40 mm apart;

petiole 2–4 mm, tomentose-pilose;

blade ovate or elliptic, 22–58 × 12–29 mm, coriaceous, base cuneate or obtuse, margins flat, veins 4 or 5, sunken, apex acute or acuminate, mucronate, abaxial surfaces silvery-tomentose, adaxial grayish green, slightly shiny, not glaucous, flat, rarely slightly bulging between lateral veins, drying slightly rugose, pilose.

deciduous;

petiole 2–5 mm, strigose;

blade elliptic or ovate, 32–72(–104) x 18–37(–46) mm, subcoriaceous to chartaceous, base obtuse or cuneate, margins flat, not revolute, veins 5–8, lightly sunken, apex attenuate to long-acuminate, often acute on short shoots, abaxial surfaces green, shiny, sparsely pilose-strigose, adaxial dark reddish green, shiny, not glaucous, soon dark green, dullish, bulging between lateral veins, rugose, pilose-strigose;

fall leaves purple and rich dark red.

Inflorescences

on fertile shoots 30–60 mm with 4 leaves, 5–15(–25)-flowered, compact.

on fertile shoots 25–50 mm with 4 leaves, 3–5(–7)-flowered, mostly compact.

Pedicels

1–4 mm, densely long-silky hairy.

3–7 mm, densely strigose.

Flowers

(5–)7–8(–10) mm, opening small;

hypanthium cupulate, densely long-silky hairy;

sepals: margins villous, borders purple, glabrous, apex cuspidate or acuminate, surfaces silky hairy;

petals erect-incurved, pink or red, base dark pink to dark red, margins off-white;

stamens 16–21, filaments pink, distally white, anthers pink or purplish pink;

styles 2 or 3(or 4).

6–8 mm, opening small;

hypanthium cupulate, tomentose-strigose;

sepals: margins tomentose, borders brown, broad, glabrous, apex acute, obtuse, or apiculate, surfaces strigose;

petals erect-incurved, pink or red, base dark red, margins white;

stamens 18–20, filaments pale pink, white distally, anthers white;

styles 2 or 3.

Pomes

orange-red, obovoid base rounded or obconic base cuneate, straight-sided, 8–12 × 6–9 mm, apex flat, shiny, not glaucous, sparsely pilose;

sepals flat, often asymmetric with 2 sepals longer than others, tomentose;

navel slightly open;

style remnants 3/4 from base.

purple-black, broadly ellipsoid to broadly obovoid, rarely cylindric, 9–11 × 8–11 mm, slightly shiny, not or slightly glaucous, villous;

sepals flat or ascending, margins tomentose, strigose; forming star over open navel;

style remnants 4/5 from base.

Pyrenes

2 or 3(or 4).

2 or 3.

2n

= 68 (Germany).

= 68 (Germany).

Cotoneaster franchetii

Cotoneaster villosulus

Phenology Flowering May–Jul; fruiting Oct–Apr. Flowering May (often reflowering Sep); fruiting Aug–Nov.
Habitat Edges, thickets, disturbed forests, flood plains, urban waste ground, mossy ledges, wet prairie remnants Thickets, open forests
Elevation 0–700 m (0–2300 ft) 0–50 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
WA; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe]
Discussion

Reports of Cotoneaster franchetii from Colorado (J. Ells 2006) are here referred to C. lucidus. A few specimens escaped in Washington have red filaments, not pink, but otherwise agree with C. franchetii. Other escapes in Washington suggest the closely related C. wardii W. W. Smith, distinguished by semievergreen habit, longer fertile shoots, more lax and elongate inflorescences, and white anthers. The entire complex needs biosystematic review.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The difficulties of typification and taxonomy for black-fruited species were discussed by J. Fryer and B. Hylmö (1997). Some collections of Cotoneaster villosulus from eastern Washington need study. They approach the very similar C. hsingshangensis J. Fryer & B. Hylmö, a Chinese species with larger, more wrinkled leaves, more globose pomes, and less densely hairy flowers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 465. FNA vol. 9, p. 464.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Cotoneaster Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Cotoneaster
Sibling taxa
C. adpressus, C. atropurpureus, C. cochleatus, C. conspicuus, C. crispii, C. dammeri, C. dielsianus, C. divaricatus, C. fangianus, C. frigidus, C. gamblei, C. hjelmqvistii, C. hodjingensis, C. horizontalis, C. integrifolius, C. lacteus, C. lucidus, C. magnificus, C. melanocarpus, C. miniatus, C. monopyrenus, C. nitens, C. pannosus, C. qungbixiensis, C. rehderi, C. salicifolius, C. simonsii, C. sternianus, C. tengyuehensis, C. transens, C. vestitus, C. villosulus, C. ×suecicus
C. adpressus, C. atropurpureus, C. cochleatus, C. conspicuus, C. crispii, C. dammeri, C. dielsianus, C. divaricatus, C. fangianus, C. franchetii, C. frigidus, C. gamblei, C. hjelmqvistii, C. hodjingensis, C. horizontalis, C. integrifolius, C. lacteus, C. lucidus, C. magnificus, C. melanocarpus, C. miniatus, C. monopyrenus, C. nitens, C. pannosus, C. qungbixiensis, C. rehderi, C. salicifolius, C. simonsii, C. sternianus, C. tengyuehensis, C. transens, C. vestitus, C. ×suecicus
Synonyms C. acutifolius var. villosulus
Name authority Bois: Rev. Hort. 74: 380, figs. 159–161, 164. (1902) (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Flinck & B. Hylmö: Bot. Not. 115: 383. (1962)
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