Cornus unalaschkensis |
Cornus canadensis |
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alaskan bunchberry, western bunchberry, western cordilleran bunchberry |
bunch berry, bunchberry dogwood, Canadian bunchberry, dwarf cornel, puddingberry, quatre-temps |
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Stems | erect, green, 6–22 cm, appressed-hairy; nodes 4–6, internodes progressively longer distally; branches only at distalmost node, much shorter than distal internodes so stems appear unbranched. |
erect, green, 5–25 cm, appressed-hairy; nodes 4–6, internodes progressively longer distally; branches only at distalmost node, much shorter than distal internodes so stems appear unbranched. |
Leaves | at proximal 2–4 nodes nonchlorophyllous, opposite, ± scalelike, caducous (rarely chlorophyllous at 3d node from apex but much smaller than more distal leaves), at 2d node from apex nonchlorophyllous proximally, chlorophyllous distally, opposite, well developed, persistent, at distalmost node chlorophyllous, appearing to be in whorl of 6, well developed, persistent; distalmost leaves much bigger than those at 2 more proximal nodes; petiole 0–3.4 mm; blade ovate to elliptic, 3.5–8 × 0.9–4 cm, apex acute or short acuminate, abaxial surface pale green, hairs sparsely appressed-hairy, adaxial surface green, appressed-hairy; secondary veins 3 per side, all arising from proximal 1/2. |
at all but distalmost node non-chlorophyllous, opposite, scalelike, caducous, at distalmost node chlorophyllous, appearing to be in whorl of 6 (sometimes 4 on sterile stems), well developed, persistent; distalmost leaves: petiole 0.5–2.8 mm; blade obovate, ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 2–7 × 1–4.5 cm, apex acute or short acuminate, abaxial surface pale green, sparsely appressed-hairy to glabrate, adaxial surface green, appressed-hairy; secondary veins 2–3 per side, all arising from proximal 1/2. |
Inflorescences | 20–40-flowered; peduncle 13–30 mm; primary branches 0–2 mm; bracts greenish white or white, often red-tipped, unequal, 2 ovate, 21–30 × 12–13 mm, 2 suborbiculate, 17–1.9 × 13–16 mm, apex acuminate. |
12–40-flowered; peduncle 10–30 mm; primary branches 0.5–2.5 mm; bracts greenish white to white, occasionally red-tipped or red-tinged, ± equal, ovate, 5–15 × 5–15 mm, apex acute to acuminate. |
Pedicels | 0.4–1.6 mm, sparsely appressed-hairy or glabrous. |
0.5–3 mm, sparsely appressed-hairy. |
Flowers | hypanthium cream to mottled purple, 1.2–2 mm, densely appressed-hairy; sepals mottled purple and cream, 0.1–0.4 mm, apex rounded or acute, thick, sparsely hairy on margin, densely glandular; petals cream proximally, purple distally, 1.5–1.8 mm, apical awn 0.4–0.6 mm; nectary dark purple or black. |
hypanthium cream, 1–2 mm, densely appressed-hairy; sepals cream, turning purple as fruit matures, 0.1–0.3 mm, apex rounded, membranous, glabrous, eglandular; petals cream, 1–2 mm, apical awn 0.3–1.2 mm; nectary cream or purplish black. |
Drupes | 10–20 per inflorescence, red, globose, 6–8 mm; stone globose or subglobose, 2.7–3.4 × 2.1–3.4 mm, longitudinally grooved, apex slightly pointed. |
5–15 per infructescences, red, globose, 6–9 mm; stone ovoid, 2.3–3.3 × 1.7–2.3 mm, smooth, apex rounded. |
2n | = 44. |
= 22, 44. |
Cornus unalaschkensis |
Cornus canadensis |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Aug; fruiting Aug–Oct. | Flowering May–Jul; fruiting Aug–Oct. |
Habitat | Maritime copse or heath, maritime coniferous forests and bog woodlands, moist broadleaf or coniferous forests. | Dry to moist broadleaf or coniferous forests, roadbanks, marshes, bogs. |
Elevation | 0–3000 m. (0–9800 ft.) | 0–3400 m. (0–11200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; AB; BC; YT
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AK; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Asia
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Discussion | C. Gervais and M. Blondeau (2003) showed that Cornus canadensis includes both diploid and tetraploid populations, which can be distinguished solely by pollen size and chromosome number. The diploids, which they called subsp. pristina, are found in Alaska and western and northern Canada (including the northern parts of Labrador and Quebec), and the tetraploids, which they called subsp. canadensis, are found in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. Unfortunately, Gervais and Blondeau did not sample populations from most of the species’ distribution in the United States. Reports of Cornus canadensis from California and Oregon (for example, C. L. Hitchcock A. Cronquist 1973; J. R. Shevock 2012) represent C. unalaschkensis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 448. | FNA vol. 12, p. 447. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Arctocrania unalaschkensis, Chamaepericlymenum unalaschkense, Cornella unalaschkensis, Swida unalaschkensis | Arctocrania canadensis, Chamaepericlymenum canadense, Cornella canadensis, C. canadensis subsp. pristina, C. cyananthus, Cynoxylon canadense, Mesomora canadensis |
Name authority | Ledebour: Fl. Ross. 2: 378. (1844) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 118. (1753) |
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