Flora of North America species comparison

basal and cauline on proximal 1/4–1/3(–1/2) of plant heights;

petioles 1–5(–8+) cm;

blades simple or with 1–2+ lateral lobes, simple blades or terminal lobes lance-ovate or lanceolate to oblanceolate or lance-linear, 5–12 cm × 8–15(–18+) mm.

usually cauline (sometimes mostly basal); usually mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate), rarely whorled; petiolate or sessile;

blades (often pinnately or palmately lobed, sometimes compound), or lobes or leaflets, mostly deltate, elliptic, filiform, lanceolate, linear, oblanceolate, or ovate, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually glabrous or glabrate, sometimes hairy (rarely, if ever, gland-dotted).

(8–)12–20(–35+) cm.

mostly campanulate, cylindric, turbinate, or hemispheric or broader.

mostly flat to convex, paleate (paleae often stramineous to white with red-brown to purplish striae, orbiculate to oblong or linear, ± flat to slightly cupped).

0 or 1–21+ (more in cultivars), pistillate and fertile, or neuter, or styliferous and sterile;

corollas usually yellow to orange (sometimes bicolored: yellow to orange with brown, red-brown, or purple), sometimes cyanic or white.

yellow, 15–30+ mm.

6–7.5 mm, apices yellow.

3–150+, usually bisexual, fertile (functionally staminate in Dicranocarpus);

corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes brown, red-brown, or purple, tubes usually shorter than, sometimes equaling funnelform throats (longer than throats in some Thelesperma spp.), lobes (3–)5, ± deltate to lance-ovate; (staminal filaments hairy in Cosmos) anther thecae pale or dark;

stigmatic papillae in 2 lines.

deltate to lance-deltate, 8–12+ mm.

persistent, 3–34+ in ± 2 series (usually distinct, notably connate in Thelesperma), usually ± membranous, margins usually ± scarious.

of lance-ovate to lance-linear or linear bractlets 4–8(–12) mm.

usually of 3–8(–21+) bractlets or bracts (usually ± herbaceous, usually shorter than phyllaries and/or reflexed, sometimes ± foliaceous and surpassing phyllaries).

radiate or discoid, borne singly or in ± corymbiform, cymiform, or paniculiform arrays.

(2.6–)3–4 mm, wings ± spreading, ± chartaceous, entire.

usually either obcompressed to obflattened, usually cuneate, linear, oblong, orbiculate, or ovate (bodies unequally 3–4-angled, margins often winged), or (all or inner) ± equally 4-angled and linear-fusiform, sometimes ± beaked, faces glabrous or hairy (often striate, tuberculate, or papillate);

pappi 0, or persistent, of (1–)2–4(–8), usually ± barbellate awns or scales, rarely coroniform or of 1–2, smooth to ciliate or barbed awns or scales.

nodes proximal to first peduncle usually 1–3(–5+), distalmost 1–3 internodes 1–2(–8+) cm.

= 26 (+ 0–4B).