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bird's-beak, birdbeak

bushy bird's-beak, bushy birdbeak

Habit Herbs, annual; hemiparasitic.
Stems

erect or ascending, rarely decumbent, not fleshy, hairy or glabrous.

erect, 10–30(–90) cm, puberulent, sometimes pilose.

Leaves

cauline, alternate;

petiole absent;

blade not fleshy, not leathery, margins entire or 3–7-lobed.

puberulent;

proximal 10–40 mm, margins 3–5-lobed, lobes 1–2 mm wide;

distal 10–15 × 0.5–1 mm, margins entire.

Inflorescences

terminal, spikes or flowers solitary, often capitate;

bracts present.

capitate spikes, 3–7-flowered;

bracts 1–7, 10–20 mm, margins 5–7-lobed, lobes green, sometimes purple distally, filiform.

Pedicels

absent;

bracteoles absent.

bracteoles 10–20 mm, margins entire.

Flowers

sepals 2, calyx bilaterally symmetric, spathelike, lobes triangular;

petals 5, corolla yellow, yellow-green, purple, pink, or red, strongly bilabiate, club-shaped, abaxial lobes 3, middle lobe tightly revolute, tip distinctly folded inside-out, adaxial 2, adaxial lip galeate, rounded at apex, opening downward;

stamens (2 or)4, didynamous, filaments hairy or glabrous;

staminode 0;

ovary 2-locular, placentation axile;

stigma slightly expanded at apex.

calyx 15–20 mm, tube 0 mm, apex entire or 2-fid, cleft 0–1 mm;

corolla pale yellow, spotted and streaked with purple, 10–20 mm, throat 4–6 mm diam., abaxial lip 3–5 mm, ca. equal to and appressed to adaxial;

stamens 4, filaments hairy distally, fertile pollen sacs 2 per filament, unequal.

Capsules

dehiscence loculicidal.

oblong-lanceoloid, 8–10 mm.

Seeds

4–25, pale brown to dark brown, ovoid to reniform, wings absent.

10–20, light brown, narrowly ovate, 1.5–2 mm, reticulate.

x

= 6, 7.

2n

= 24.

Cordylanthus

Cordylanthus ramosus

Phenology Flowering late Jun–Aug.
Habitat Rocky, alkaline soils, sagebrush scrub.
Elevation 400–2900 m. (1300–9500 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
w United States; nw Mexico
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 13 (13 in the flora).

Cordylanthus is similar to Orthocarpus but differs in having spathelike calyces deeply cut along one side and narrowly lanceolate, entire bracteoles subtending each flower. Also, the abaxial lip of Orthocarpus is spreading; it usually is appressed to the adaxial lip in Cordylanthus. The mature flowers often appear to be buds.

Cordylanthus is sometimes defined to include Dicranostegia and Chloropyron as subgenera (T. I. Chuang and L. R. Heckard 1986). D. C. Tank et al. (2009) found that those genera are a sister group of Triphysaria. The monograph by Chuang and Heckard provided the basis for most of the species delineation presented here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stamens 2, filaments glabrous; calyx apices 2-fid, cleft 3–5 mm.
C. capitatus
1. Stamens 4, filaments hairy; calyx apices entire or 2-fid, cleft 0–3 mm.
→ 2
2. Bract margins 5–7-lobed, flabelliform; corollas 8–9 mm.
C. pringlei
2. Bract margins entire, 3-lobed, or (4 or)5–9-lobed, not flabelliform; corollas 10–30 mm.
→ 3
3. Fertile pollen sacs 1 per filament.
→ 4
4. Calyx apices 2-fid; bracts green or purple distally; abaxial corolla lips 7–10 mm, slightly spreading.
C. laxiflorus
4. Calyx apices entire; bracts white to cream distally; abaxial corolla lips 3–5 mm, appressed to adaxial.
C. nevinii
3. Fertile pollen sacs 2 per filament.
→ 5
5. Stems decumbent, 5–10(–15) cm; corollas white with purple veins.
C. nidularius
5. Stems erect or ascending, 10–150 cm; corollas pale or bright yellow, yellow, yellow-green, pale pink, lavender-pink, pink, purple, purple-pink, or purple-red.
→ 6
6. Bract margins (4 or)5–9-lobed.
→ 7
7. Calyx tubes 0 mm; fertile pollen sacs unequal.
C. ramosus
7. Calyx tubes 1–4 mm; fertile pollen sacs equal.
→ 8
8. Corollas 10–20 mm, throats 4–6 mm diam.; calyx tubes 1–3 mm; capsules 7–10 mm.
C. eremicus
8. Corollas 15–30 mm, throats 6–8 mm diam.; calyx tubes 3–4 mm; capsules 10–15 mm.
C. wrightii
6. Bract margins entire or 3-lobed.
→ 9
9. Calyx tubes 5–8 mm; corolla abaxial lips shorter than and not appressed to adaxial.
C. parviflorus
9. Calyx tubes 0–2.5 mm; corolla abaxial lips ca. equal to and appressed to adaxial.
→ 10
10. Calyx apices 2-fid, clefts 2–3 mm; bracteole margins pinnately lobed.
C. kingii
10. Calyx apices entire or 2-fid, clefts 0.5–1 mm; bracteole margins entire or toothed.
→ 11
11. Calyx tubes 1–2 mm; inflorescences (2–)5–15-flowered; corollas with abaxial, U-shaped, purple markings.
C. rigidus
11. Calyx tubes 0–1 mm; inflorescences 2–7-flowered, or flowers solitary; corollas streaked and spotted with maroon or marked with purple.
→ 12
12. Stems densely puberulent and glandular-puberulent, and pilose; abaxial corolla lips 5–10 mm.
C. pilosus
12. Stems glabrous or sparsely glandular-puberulent, puberulent, and/or pilose; abaxial corolla lips 4–6 mm.
C. tenuis
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 669. Author: Kerry A. Barringer. FNA vol. 17, p. 675.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae > Cordylanthus
Sibling taxa
C. capitatus, C. eremicus, C. kingii, C. laxiflorus, C. nevinii, C. nidularius, C. parviflorus, C. pilosus, C. pringlei, C. rigidus, C. tenuis, C. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
C. capitatus, C. eremicus, C. kingii, C. laxiflorus, C. nevinii, C. nidularius, C. parviflorus, C. pilosus, C. pringlei, C. ramosus, C. rigidus, C. tenuis, C. wrightii
Synonyms Adenostegia Adenostegia ciliosa, A. ramosa, C. ramosus var. puberulus, C. ramosus subsp. setosus
Name authority Nuttall ex Bentham: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 597. (1846) — name conserved Nuttall ex Bentham: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 597. (1846)
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